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. 2011 Dec 28;6(12):e29019. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029019

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Inada et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Optical inhibition of motor neurons immobilized the larvae. OK6-Gal4 (A, B, C, E) and vGat-Gal4 (D, F) were used to express eNpHR in motor neurons. (A) Postures of a larva expressing eNpHR before (left) and after light stimulation (middle, 0.5 sec; right, 5 sec). The entire body was relaxed after light stimulation. (B) Dependence on the eNpHR transgene and ATR. Percentage of larvae immobilized over 5 sec in response to the continuous optical stimulation. n = 20 for each experiment. (C–F) Dependence on light intensity (C, D) and concentration of ATR (E, F). Average duration of the effective inhibition is plotted. n = 9∼10 for each experiment. Only a single stimulation was applied in this experiment and in Figs. 3 and 4. Thus, n represents the number of stimulation as well as the number of larvae examined. Error bars represent standard error. ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05; Student's t-test (C, D), ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test (E, F).