Figure 2. INSL3 effects on protein phosphorylation in human osteoblasts.

Western blot analysis for the phosphorylation of proteins involved in MAPK pathway (cRAF, MEK, ERK), integrin pathway (PYK, Src), β-catenin pathway, calcium pathway (PLCβ3), Akt pathway (Akt, GS3β) and NF-κB pathway (NF-κB, IKKα, IKKβ, IκBα). Cells were stimulated with different INSL3 concentrations (1 nM, 10 nM and 100 nM) for a short time period (5, 10, 15, 30 and 45 minutes). β-actin was used as endogenous control to normalize protein quantity. Control is obtained without stimulation. Figures are representative of three independent experiments. Ctrl: Control.