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. 2011 Dec 28;6(12):e29804. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029804

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Curtis et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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A. Multibody computer model used to calculate the muscle, joint and biting forces for a series of biting simulations. Black arrows represent the location and direction of the fascial force vectors applied to the finite element model over one temporal opening. B. Bite locations. Bilateral (biting on both sides simultaneously) and unilateral biting (biting on one side only) at locations 2–5; bilateral biting only at location 1; ripping bites at location 2 only. Skull measures approximately 68 mm long from the tip of the premaxilla to the posterior end of the quadrate condyles.