Table 2.
Descriptive characteristics of the study populationa
| Characteristics | Total (n=87) | Lung cancer cases (n= 35) | Controls (n=52) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ageb | 62 (33–77) | 65 (35–77) | 59 (33–76) |
| Gender | |||
| Males | 39 (44.8%) | 20 (57.1%) | 19 (36.5%) |
| Females | 48 (55.2%) | 15 (42.9%) | 33 (63.5%) |
| Pack yearsb | 45.5 (8.3–172.5) | 58 (8.3–172.5) | 36.1 (8.7–89.9) |
| Sqrt (Packyrs) | 6.67 (2.88–13.13) | 7.62 (2.88–13.13)n | 6.0 (2.94–9.48)n |
| Cigarettes/dayb | 20 (4–60) | 20 (4–60) | 20 (4–50) |
| Time smoking (yrs)b | 42.8 (17.3–61.7) | 49 (20–58) | 41.5 (17.3–61.7) |
| Total NNAL (pmol/mg creatinine)c | 1.41 (0.04–9.83) | 0.44 (0.04–7.62) | 2.42 (0.09–9.83) |
| Sqrt(NNAL) | 1.19 (0.2–3.1) | 0.66 (0.2–2.76) | 1.55 (0.2–3.13)n |
| LODc | 14 | 12 | 2 |
| Nicotine (ng/mg creatinine) | 740.57 (2.66–10933.8) | 31.1 (2.66–2139.9) | 2034.1(12.74–10933.8) |
| Sqrt(nicotine) | 27.2 (1.63–104.56) | 5.58 (1.63–46.26) | 45.10 (3.57–104.56)n |
| Cotinine (ng/mg creatinine) | 1714.96 (4.53–10939.1)d | 129 (4.53–5314.4)d | 3259.9 (22.2–10939.1) |
| Sqrt(cotinine) | 41.4 (2.13–104.59) | 11.3 (2.13–72.89) | 57.09 (4.72–104.59)n |
| Creatinine (mg/ml) | 0.97 (0.15–5.54) | 0.80 (0.15–5.54) | 1.10 (0.35–3.32) |
a
all Caucasian smokers, restricted to complete measurements on total NNAL and nicotine
b
median (range)
c
Total NNAL pmol/ml LOD ~= < 0.15 pmol/ml urine, (LOD values replaced with 0.07 pmol/ml urine)
d
Total N=86, Cases N=34
n
normally distributed