Figure 9.

A schematic illustration of the response selection model (Finkbeiner et al., 2006a). Lemma selection is accomplished by a threshold mechanism, rather than by competition. The speaker’s intention to use English allows English lemmas to accrue activation faster. In PWI experiments, a distractor’s name will be the first available response; naming latency is a function of how quickly a potential response can be rejected, allowing the target’s speech plan to be articulated.