C-1-P selectively reduces cytokine expression in LPS-treated PBMCs. A, human PBMCs were treated with 10 μm liposomal C-1-P, 100 ng/ml LPS, or C-1-P + LPS for 24 h. The levels of TNF-α (A), IL-6 (B), IL-8 (C), and IL-1β (D) in conditioned medium were measured by ELISA. Error bars, S.E. of at least six replicates. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 as determined by analysis of variance except where indicated otherwise.