I, RT-quantitative PCR of individual miRNAs from round spermatids of GRTH-null (KO) and wild type (WT) mice. Panel A, miRNAs known to be testis-specific (miR-469) or preferred (miR-34c, miR-202–3p, and miR470). Panel B, members of the let-7 family. Panel C, other microRNAs. Results show a representative experiment in triplicate from three independent experiments. Data represent means ± S.E. II, summary of known functions corresponding to miRNAs differentially expressed in round spermatids of wild type versus GRTH KO mice derived from miRNA microarray analysis (17, 28, 29, 41–57).