Table 1.

Summary of the involvement of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in transplant tolerance (a) and rejection (b). It should be noted that in one study in islet transplantation iNKT cells were not shown to contribute to either transplant tolerance or rejection [35]

Species	Transplant	Tolerance regimen	Mechanism of action	Ref.
(a)
Mice	Heart	Anti-LFA-1/ICAM-1 or anti-B7-1/B7-2	IFN-γ production?	[33]
		Anti-CD154 mAb	iNKT cells require CXCL16/CXCR6 interactions to traffic to allograft	[38]
		Anti-CD154 mAb	IL-10 production	[41]
Mice	Skin	None	IL-10 production	[37]
Mice	Heart	Anti-CD4, CD8, CD154 mAb	Not determined	*
Mice	Islet (rat xenograft)	Anti-CD4 mAb	IFN-γ production but the dose of CD4 is critical for tolerance induction	[42]
Mice	Cornea	None	Enhanced regulatory T cell function	[43]
Mice	Bone marrow	None	Prevent GVHD. IL-4-dependent	[44,45]
(b)
Mice	Islet	None	IFN-γ production promotes PMN recruitment to graft	[46]
		None	Islet destruction only found when islets injected into portal vein	[34]
		Rapamycin	Not determined	[34]
Mice	Skin	Anti-CD4, CD8, CD154 mAb	Not determined	*
Mice	Skin	None	Induction of a Th17 response	**

GVHD: graft-versus-host disease; mAb: monoclonal antibody; Th: T helper; IFN: interferon; PMN: polymorphonuclear; IL: interleukin; LFA: leucocyte function antigen; ICAM: intercellular adhesion molecule.

^*Jukes J-P, Zhao Z & Jones ND, unpublished observations

^**Janes SE & Jones ND, manuscript in preparation.