Table 1.
Characteristics of samples from patients with type 1 diabetes, healthy schoolchildren and relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes with (1) insulin autoantibodies (IAA) classified as low or moderate–high-affinity following competitive displacement with high and low unlabelled insulin (ULI) or (2) IAA units below or above the IAA threshold (0·2 units) following competitive displacement with low ULI
| IAA-affinity classification | IAA units with low ULI | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Moderate–high | <0·2 | ≥0·2 | |
| Patients | 1(1) | 67(99) | 1(1) | 67(99) |
| Schoolchildren | 26(65) | 14(35) | 18(45) | 22(55) |
| With GADA and/or IA–2A | 4(15) | 4(29) | 3(17) | 5(23) |
| Relatives | 39(35) | 74(65) | 31(27) | 83(73) |
| With GADA and/or IA–2A | 6(15) | 46(62)* | 4(13) | 49(59)* |
| Developed diabetes | 3(8) | 30(41)* | 3(10) | 31(37)* |
*
P < 0·001 for comparisons within categories. GADA, glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies. IA-2A, islet antigen-2 autoantibodies.