Flow cytometry-based lymphocyte CD phenotyping of immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) patients and their parents. No detectable FOXP3 protein was found within CD127-CD25highCD4+ T cells subset [regulatory T cells (Treg)] in all patients. Raised levels of naive cells were also found both in T (CCR7+CD62L+CD45R0-CD45RA+) and B cell subsets (TCL1+CD27-). Raised levels of CD19+CD5+ B lymphocytes (B1 subset), were observed, in one case (Y3) associated with a clear increase of B cells