Table 1.
Baseline characteristics [mean(SD)] and adjusted muscle mass and strength measures [LS means] by 25(OH)D quartiles in an age-stratified sample of 311 men and 356 women from Rochester, Minnesota.
| Characteristics | Total (N=311) |
Men 25(OH)D (ng/mL) |
p value | Total (N=356) |
Women 25(OH)D (ng/mL) |
p value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5-16 (N=62) |
17-21 (N=94) |
22-27 (N=81) |
28-68 (N=74) |
5-16 (N=109) |
17-21 (N=81) |
22-27 (N=80) |
28-68 (N=86) |
|||||
| Age, yrs | 56.3 (18.5) | 55.9 (20.5) | 58.2 (18.8) | 58.0 (16.7) | 52.4 (18.2) | 0.224 | 57.2 (17.7) | 59.5 (15.2) | 57.0 (17.4) | 60.5 (17.2) | 51.4 (20.1) | 0.011 |
| Height, m | 1.8 (0.1) | 1.8 (0.1) | 1.8 (0.1) | 1.8 (0.1) | 1.8 (0.1) | 0.868 | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) | 0.399 |
| BMI, Kg/m2 | 28.5 (4.6) | 29.9 (4.9) | 28.8 (4.9) | 28.0 (3.8) | 27.7 (4.6) | 0.004 | 27.9 (6.3) | 30.1 (7.2) | 27.9 (5.2) | 27.4 (5.8) | 25.5 (5.3) | <0.001 |
| Fat mass, kg | 30.1(11.0) | 33.2(12.7) | 30.4(10.5) | 29.5(9.6) | 28.1(11.4) | 0.008 | 33.7(13.0) | 37.9(13.4) | 34.5(12.0) | 33.1(11.8) | 28.3(12.7) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity, total Kcal/week | 36462.3 (12516.8) |
37162.5 (13417.4) |
35638.0 (12771.0) |
36480.8 (12051.6) |
36897.9 (12086.5) |
0.926 | 27533.5 (9275.3) |
28243.5 (11556.1) |
29269.0 (9021.7) |
25996.9 (7503.8) |
26434.7 (7325.9) |
0.058 |
| Season (Nov-Feb) N[%] | 71 [22.8] | 22 [35.5] | 21 [22.3] | 17 [21.0] | 11 [14.9] | 0.007 | 155 [43.5] | 53 [48.6] | 39 [48.1] | 32 [40.0] | 31 [36.0] | 0.049 |
| PTH, pmol/L | 3.9 (1.8) | 4.6 (2.3) | 4.1 (1.8) | 3.7 (1.7) | 3.1 (1.2) | <0.001 | 3.6 (1.7) | 4.4 (1.8) | 3.5 (1.8) | 3.3 (1.1) | 2.8 (1.2) | <0.001 |
| 1,25(OH)D, pg/mL | 40.8 (13.3) | 34.8 (13.7) | 39.1 (11.7) | 41.5 (11.2) | 47.4 (14.2) | <0.001 | 38.4 (15.0) | 34.3 (13.0) | 36.4 (13.0) | 37.2 (12.3) | 46.8 (18.0) | <0.001 |
| Skeletal muscle mass, Kg | ||||||||||||
| Unadjusted model | 33.2 (5.3) | 33.16 | 33.21 | 32.89 | 33.36 | 0.927 | 20.0 (3.2) | 19.93 | 20.53 | 19.80 | 19.79 | 0.511 |
| Age and Height adjusted | 33.27 | 33.25 | 33.07 | 33.02 | 0.614 | 20.03 | 20.38 | 19.94 | 19.68 | 0.267 | ||
| Age, Height , PA, season and FM adjusted | 33.09 | 33.38 | 33.22 | 33.15 | 0.965 | 19.70 | 20.20 | 20.02 | 20.17 | 0.237 | ||
| Handgrip force, N | ||||||||||||
| Unadjusted model | 428.7 (96.2) | 429.36 | 425.09 | 431.50 | 429.74 | 0.852 | 238.9 (54.5) | 237.37 | 249.73 | 227.51 | 241.10 | 0.766 |
| Age adjusted | 426.53 | 431.65 | 436.88 | 417.96 | 0.594 | 240.71 | 249.39 | 232.54 | 232.58 | 0.088 | ||
| Age, PA, season and FM adjusted | 421.48 | 431.81 | 438.93 | 420.47 | 0.990 | 241.34 | 246.30 | 235.20 | 233.78 | 0.164 | ||
| Isometric knee extension moment, Nm | ||||||||||||
| Unadjusted model | 172.2 (58.7) | 166.03 | 170.65 | 173.75 | 177.15 | 0.263 | 93.7 (28.8) | 90.67 | 96.49 | 93.62 | 94.75 | 0.426 |
| Age adjusted | 162.84 | 174.80 | 177.51 | 170.34 | 0.390 | 93.12 | 95.98 | 96.50 | 89.54 | 0.449 | ||
| Age, PA, season and FM adjusted | 161.44 | 175.58 | 178.75 | 170.79 | 0.295 | 89.97 | 94.48 | 98.63 | 91.93 | 0.301 | ||
| Normalized knee extension moment | ||||||||||||
| Unadjusted model | 0.178 (0.050) | 0.170 | 0.176 | 0.181 | 0.184 | 0.085 | 0.162 (0.039) | 0.155 | 0.164 | 0.164 | 0.166 | 0.067 |
| Age adjusted | 0.167 | 0.179 | 0.184 | 0.179 | 0.109 | 0.158 | 0.164 | 0.167 | 0.159 | 0.494 | ||
| Age, PA, season and FM adjusted | 0.168 | 0.179 | 0.184 | 0.178 | 0.181 | 0.157 | 0.163 | 0.169 | 0.160 | 0.347 | ||
Note: BMI=body mass index; PTH=parathyroid hormone; PA=physical activity; FM=fat mass; p-values are from tests for trend