Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants†
| N | 92 | |
| Age at screening (years) | 39.4, 6.4 | |
| Age at menarche (years) | 12.5, 1.4 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.1, 5.6 | |
| Parity (N) | Yes | 68 |
| No | 24 | |
| Ethnicity (N) | Caucasian | 47 |
| Asian | 24 | |
| Other | 21 | |
| Randomization group (N) | A | 46 |
| B | 46 | |
| Total energy (kcals/d) | 2008, 871 | |
| Nutrient intake‡ (per 1000kcals/d) | Alcohol (g) | 4, 7 |
| Lactose (g) | 6, 4 | |
| Total fat (g) | 36, 6 | |
| Saturated fat (g) | 12, 2 | |
| Monounsaturated fat (g) | 13, 3 | |
| Polyunsaturated fat (g) | 8, 2 | |
| Isoflavonoid (mg) | 3, 5 | |
| Dietary fiber (g) | 12, 4 | |
| α-Carotene (μg) | 527, 515 | |
| Food intake‡ (per 1000 kcals/d) | Alcoholic beverage (N) | |
| <1 drink/mo | 37 | |
| 1 drink/mo to <1 drink/d | 43 | |
| ≥1 drink/d | 12 | |
| Milk (cup) | 0.4, 0.3 | |
| Cheese (cup) | 0.3, 0.2 | |
| Yogurt (cup) | 0.1, 0.1 | |
| Total dairy food (cup) | 0.7, 0.4 | |
| Processed meat (oz) | 0.2, 0.1 | |
| Meat, fish, and poultry (oz) | 1.9, 0.9 | |
| Soy (oz) | 0.1, 0.2 | |
| Fruits (cup) | 1.2, 0.7 | |
| Vegetables (cup) | 2.4, 2.0 |
†
Date are presented as N or mean and standard deviation (separated by a comma).
‡
Usual intake of selected nutrients and foods in the United States Department of Agriculture’s MyPyramid servings (as cup, ounce or drink equivalent) was estimated from a 1-year food frequency questionnaire (FFQ); 2 FFQs were excluded due to estimated total energy intake > 5000 kcals/day.