Table 2.
Causes of portal vein thrombosis in adults.
| LOCAL RISK FACTORS (%) | % of the patients | SYSTEMIC RISK FACTORS (%) | % of the patients |
|---|---|---|---|
| - Acquired | - Inherited | ||
| Cancer | 13–24 | Antithrombin deficiency | 1–2 |
| Cirrhosis | 17–18 | Protein C deficiency | 1–9 |
| Abdominal infection | 10 | Protein S deficiency | 1–5 |
| Liver abscess | 3–5 | Factor V Leiden | 3–8 |
| Inflammatory bowel diseases | 1–4 | Prothrombin G20210A | 3–22 |
| Pancreatitis | 6–19 | - Acquired | |
| Cholecystitis | 2–7 | Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) | 6–33 |
| Appendicitis | 1 | JAK2 V617F (with overt MPN) | 78–100 |
| Tuberculous lymphadenitis | 3 | JAK2 V617F (without overt MPN) | 27 |
| Neonatal omphalitis | 1–6 | Antiphospholipid antibodies | 3–13 |
| - Circumstantial | Autoimmune diseases | 1–4 | |
| Abdominal surgery | 10–30 | Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria | 1–2 |
| Splenectomy | 7 | Hyperhomocysteinemia | 9–19 |
| Cholecystectomy | 3–12 | Increased FVIII levels | 60 |
| Gastrectomy | 3 | - Circumstantial* | |
| Liver transplantation | 2 | Oral contraceptives | 15–30 |
| Abdominal trauma | 1– 3 | Hormone replacement therapy | 3 |
| Pregnancy or puerperium | 2–3 |