Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2011 Dec 29;6(12):e28616. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028616

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

McBride et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

PMC Copyright notice

A) The E60 ultraconserved sequence (E60UCS) is located 25kb downstream of the PAX6 stop codon in the human locus, in the large final intron of the adjacent ELP4 gene. The PAX6 coding region is shown as a single red rectangle; The ELP4 exons, transcribed from the opposite strand, are shown as black rectangles;. The positions of hypersensitive sites in the human DRR (downstream regulatory region) are indicated by red arrows. Yellow diamonds show previously characterized enhancers. An annotated VISTA plot demonstrates the extra-ordinarily high level of sequence conservation over a wide range of species. Numbers within the peaks show the length of stretches of 100% sequence identity with the human element. The E60UCS contains several stretches of perfect sequence conservation between human and mouse, possum and chicken and is also highly conserved to xenopus. (B-T) Reporter transgenic characterization of the full E60 element. (B) At E9.5 expression is found in the optic cup (oc) and prosencephalon (p). (C, D) At E10.5 staining is seen in the telencephalon (t), optic cup (oc) and prosomere P3 of the diencephalon. (E, F) In addition some staining is found in the prosomere P1 region at E11.5. No staining is seen at the rhombic lip (rl) at this stage. (F) (G, H, I) At E13.5 staining is observed in the precerebellar neuroepithelium at the rhombic lip (lrl), and weakly in the posterior extramural stream (pes). Strong staining is seen in the telencephalon and in the neuroretina (nr), but not the lens (le). (J, K) At E14.5 expression has become stronger in the precerebellar neuroepithelium (pcn) and the posterior extramural stream (pes). Migration along the anterior extramural stream (aes) has started. The olfactory bulbs (ob) have started to form and are also positive. Staining is also seen at the position of the mammillary body (mbo). (L, M) Expression continues along the aes, and positive cells are settling in the pontine gray nuclei (pn). Strong signal is found in the cortical lobes (co), the olfactory bulbs (cb). (N) Additionally staining is present in the midbrain tegmentum at the position of the dorsal tegmental nuclei (white arrowheads). (O) A E15.5 skull with the brain removed shows expression in the eyes, specifically (P) in the neuroretina (nr) and optic nerve (on). A patch of staining at the proximal side of the lens (le) is thought to be a staining artefact. (Q) At E17.5 staining is seen in the pontine gray nuclei (pn), lateral reticular nuclei (lrn), cortical lobes, olfactory bulbs and in the lateral olfactory tract (lot). (R) A dorsal view of a dissected E17.5 brain cut open along the roof midline of the mid- and hindbrain shows expression in the dorsal tegmental nuclei (white arrowhead) as well as in the external granular layer of the cerebellum (cb). (S, T) Expression in the neuroretina and optic nerve is shown in an E17.5 skull and dissected eye.