Table 2. Summary of minimum adequate linear mixed effects (lme) model results for upper lethal temperature (ULT) as a function of log₁₀(experimental rate of temperature change) and habitat (subtidal, low intertidal and upper intertidal).

Fixed-effects	df	Contrast coefficient	Standard error	t-value	P-value	Random-effects	% variance
reference	49	40.41	0.54	75.13	<0.0001	S (77)	62.40
rate	49	−2.66	0.27	−9.94	<0.0001	Residual	37.60
habitat(LIT)	31	2.45	0.78	3.15	0.0036
habitat(UIT)	31	6.54	0.78	8.40	<0.0001
rate: habitat(LIT)	49	−0.13	0.39	−0.33	0.75
rate: habitat(UIT)	49	−1.57	0.41	−3.85	0.0003

Treatment contrasts indicate the effect of each parameter level on the reference level (subtidal). Species (S) was retained as a random effect on the intercept. Effect types are intercept (unshaded) and slope (shaded). The model-averaged coefficient estimates and 95% confidence intervals for all parameters included in the full model are in Table S3.

lme(UTL∼rate*habitat,random = S)

AICc  = 335.14

LIT  =  lower intertidal, UIT = upper intertidal, AICc  =  Akaike's information criterion corrected for finite sample sizes, df  =  degrees of freedom.