Table 2.
Operative Data.
| Variables | Non PPM n = 129 (41%) | Moderate PPM n = 132 (42%) | Severe PPM n = 50 (16%) | p-value |
| Elective | 129 (100%) | 129 (98%) | 50 (100%) | 0.12 |
| Coronary artery bypass grafting | 53 (41%) | 48 (36%) | 21 (42%) | 0.67 |
| Left main disease | 4 (3.1%) | 8 (6.0%) | 4 (8%) | 0.34 |
| Mitral valve surgery | 16 (12%) | 23 (17%) | 17 (34%) | 0.003 |
| Tricuspid valve surgery | 0 | 1 (0.8%) | 4 (8%) | 0.01 |
| Aortic annular enlargement | 2 (1.6%) | 1 (0.8%) | 3 (6%) | 0.06 |
| Intra-aortic balloon pump use | 19 (15%) | 27 (20%) | 13 (26%) | 0.19 |
| Intraoperative blood use | 68 (52.7%) | 78 (59.1%) | 28 (56%) | 0.58 |
| Perfusion time (minutes) | 118±38 | 114±40 | 100±42 | 0.0091 |
| Cross-clamp time (minutes) | 87.2±32 | 83.3±33 | 72.2±28 | 0.0052 |
| Minimally invasive surgery | 38 (32%) | 37 (28%) | 0 | <0.001 |
| Complications | ||||
| Total intensive care unit length of stay (hours) | 146±339 | 130±137 | 203±250 | 0.0123 |
| Prolonged ventilation (hours) | 73±268 | 48±100 | 112±304 | 0.08 |
| Permanent neurologic complications | 5 (3.9%) | 3 (2.3%) | 2 (4%) | 0.72 |
| Transient neurologic complications | 0 | 1 (0.8%) | 1 (2%) | 0.31 |
| Pneumonia | 10 (7.8%) | 6 (4.5%) | 3 (6%) | 0.13 |
| Renal failure | 10 (7.8%) | 10 (7.6%) | 5 (10%) | 0.9 |
| Short-term mortality | 3 (2.3%) | 8 (6.1%) | 4 (8%) | 0.19 |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 15±16 | 14±10 | 20±13 | 0.04 |
1p-value between severe PPM versus no PPM. p = 0.05 between severe PPM versus moderate PPM.
2p-value between severe PPM versus no PPM. p = 0.04 between severe PPM vs. moderate PPM.
3p-value between severe PPM versus moderate PPM. p = 0.27 between severe PPM and no PPM.