Table 4.

Allometric equation constants for forelimb muscle group fascicle length (cm) ± SE using logged data (exponents in bold have CIs overlapping those predicted by isometry; M^b, where b = 0.33)

Muscle group	a (± SEM)	CI (a)	b (± SEM)	CI (b)	R2	P
Overall
Total forelimb	0.68 (± 0.77)	1.81	0.27 (± 0.19)	0.45	0.21	0.248
Proximal forelimb	1.22 (± 0.47)	1.00	0.30 (± 0.12)	0.26	0.48	0.052
Distal forelimb	1.37 (± 0.29)	0.52	0.12 (± 0.07)	0.13	0.15	0.149
Proximal muscles*
Shoulder rotators	1.41 (± 0.24)	0.48	0.27 (± 0.06)	0.12	0.81	0.009
Shoulder adductors	0.89 (± 0.41)	0.74	0.35 (± 0.10)	0.18	0.52	0.008
Shoulder abductors	1.36 (± 0.40)	0.78	0.20 (± 0.10)	0.19	0.31	0.114
Shoulder flexors	1.46 (± 0.32)	0.57	0.22 (± 0.08)	0.14	0.36	0.017
Shoulder extensors	1.65 (± 0.31)	0.59	0.22 (± 0.07)	0.13	0.53	0.025
Elbow flexors	1.74 (± 0.31)	0.55	0.22 (± 0.08)	0.14	0.36	0.014
Elbow extensors	0.91 (± 0.23)	0.41	0.34 (± 0.05)	0.09	0.74	< 0.001
Distal muscles
Supinators	0.30 (± 0.27)	0.48	0.24 (± 0.07)	0.14	0.52	0.005
Pronators	1.06 (± 0.36)	0.64	0.12 (± 0.09)	0.16	0.06	0.199
Wrist flexors	1.14 (± 0.40)	0.71	0.17 (± 0.10)	0.18	0.12	0.117
Wrist extensors	0.47 (± 0.77)	1.36	0.27 (± 0.19)	0.34	0.07	0.180
Digital flexors	1.43 (± 0.30)	0.53	0.16 (± 0.07)	0.12	0.22	0.050
Digital extensors	1.19 (± 0.32)	0.57	0.20 (± 0.08)	0.14	0.30	0.026
Mean exponent			0.23 (± 0.02)	0.04

^*Individuals not included in particular muscle groups due to missing data include: shoulder rotators: C93, C94, C95, Gp, Gj, Gm, Oaf, Ojf; shoulder adductors: Gp, Gm; shoulder abductors: C93, C94, C95, Gsm, Gp, Gj, Gm; shoulder flexors: C93, shoulder extensors: C93. C94, Gp, Gm, Oaf, Ojf; supinators: Gj, Gp.