Figure 1.

Proportions of individuals of different castes and developmental stages produced sexually and parthenogenetically in five colonies of R. virginicus based on their genotypes at eight microsatellite loci. Individuals homozygous at all loci were considered to be parthenogens, whereas those that were heterozygous at one or more loci were considered to be sexually produced. Open bars, sexually produced; filled bars, parthenogemetically produced. (a) Secondary queens; (b) workers; (c) alates.