Figure 2.

Degree of relatedness between the presumed primary queen founding a colony and the reigning king in five colonies of R. virginicus estimated from eight microsatellite loci. The genotypes of the primary queens were inferred from the genotypes of the parthenogenetically produced secondary queens within colonies. Genotypes of kings were inferred from a combination of the genotypes of their secondary queen mates and the genotypes of their worker offspring, except in colony 5, where the primary king was genotyped directly. Standard error bars were estimated by jack-knifing over loci.