Table 1.

Published studies that favor combination therapy for in-hospital patients with CAP

Author	Year	Cohort	Site	Outcome	Study design
Gleason et al. [16]	1999	Patients aged ≥ 65 years with CAP	Ward	Lower 30-day mortality with β-lactam plus macrolide	Multicenter, retrospective
Dudas et al. [17]	2000	CAP	Ward	Lower mortality with β-lactam plus macrolide and reduced LOS	Multicenter, prospective
Waterer et al. [19]	2001	Pneumococcal bacteremia	Ward	Lower hospital mortality with combination	Multicenter, retrospective
Brown et al. [21]	2003	CAP	Ward	Lower 30-day mortality with β-lactam plus macrolide	Multicenter, retrospective
Martínez et al. [20]	2003	Pneumococcal bacteremia	Ward	Lower in-hospital mortality with β-lactam plus macrolide	Monocenter, retrospective
Baddour et al. [22]	2004	Pneumococcal bacteremia	Ward ICU	Lower 14-day mortality with combination	Multicenter, prospective
Weiss et al. [5]	2004	Pneumococcal bacteremia	Ward	Lower mortality with combination	Monocenter, retrospective
García-Vázquez et al. [23]	2005	CAP	Ward	Lower mortality with β-lactam plus macrolide	Multicenter, prospective
Mortensen et al. [24]	2006	CAP	Ward ICU	Lower 30-day mortality with β-lactam plus other than FQ	Multicenter, retrospective
Rodríguez et al. [25]	2007	CAP	ICU	Lower 28-day mortality with combination	Multicenter, retrospective
Metersky et al. [26]	2007	Pneumococcal bacteremia	Ward	Lower 30-day mortality with β-lactam plus macrolide	Multicenter, retrospective
Restrepo et al. [27]	2009	Severe sepsis pneumonia	Ward	Lower 30- and 90-day mortalities with combination plus macrolide	Multicenter, retrospective
Tessmer et al. [28]	2009	CAP	Ward	Lower 14- and 30-day mortalities with β-lactam plus macrolide	Multicenter, retrospective
Martín-Loeches et al. [29]	2010	Intubated CAP	ICU	Lower ICU mortality IDSA/ATS combination plus macrolide	Multicenter, prospective