Table 4.
Group comparisons of Conduct Disorder Symptoms and Comorbid Diagnostic Symptoms in Community Sample
| Teacher or Parent† | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n=669) | CU-Only (n=40) | CD-Only (n=98) | CD+CU (n=39) | Test Statistic | η p2 | |
| CD Symptoms | ||||||
| Aggression | 0.14(0.38)a | 0.21(0.51)a | 1.89(0.96)b | 2.18(0.74)c | F(3,840)=444.83*** | .614 |
| Symptom Total | 0.46(0.71)a | 0.74(0.79)a | 4.17(1.66)b | 4.43(1.46)b | F(3,840)=565.55*** | .670 |
| Comorbid Symptoms | ||||||
| ODD SX | 0.76(1.44)a | 1.83(2.30)b | 3.74(3.02)c | 5.46(2.43)d | F(3,840)=144.40*** | .340 |
| ADHD SX | 1.34(2.80)a | 4.07(4.91)b | 4.85(5.44)b | 8.10(5.70)c | F(3,840)=68.92*** | .200 |
| Teacher | ||||||
| Control (n=628) | CU-Only (n=27) | CD-Only (n=104) | CD+CU (n=24) | Test Statistic | η p2 | |
| CD Symptoms | ||||||
| Aggression | 0.15(0.39)a | 0.26(0.56)a | 1.97(0.94)b | 2.10(0.64)b | F(3,777)=406.43*** | .611 |
| Symptom Total | 0.49(0.72)a | 0.72(0.79)a | 4.20(1.63)b | 4.45(1.53)b | F(3,777)=508.59*** | .663 |
| Comorbid Symptoms | ||||||
| ODD SX | 0.75(1.43)a | 2.07(2.29)b | 4.17(3.06)c | 5.20(2.45)d | F(3,777)=136.26*** | .345 |
| ADHD SX | 1.41(2.85)a | 4.91(5.05)b | 5.19(5.58)b | 9.08(5.60)c | F(3,777)=65.01*** | .201 |
| Parent | ||||||
| Control (n=694) | CU-Only (n=13) | CD-Only (n=123) | CD+CU (n=14) | Test Statistic | η p2 | |
| CD Symptoms | ||||||
| Aggression | 0.14(0.39)a | 0.21(0.58)a | 1.94(0.97)b | 2.32(1.08)c | F(3,838)=442.01*** | .613 |
| Symptom Total | 0.47(0.71)a | 1.04(0.88)b | 4.16(1.67)c | 4.96(2.29)d | F(3,838)=571.83*** | .672 |
| Comorbid Symptoms | ||||||
| ODD SX | 0.78(1.47)a | 2.83(3.01)b | 4.07(2.98)c | 5.62(2.10)d | F(3,838)=137.52*** | .330 |
| ADHD SX | 1.47(3.07)a | 3.03(3.75)a | 5.54(5.74)b | 7.64(5.18)c | F(3,838)=53.42*** | .161 |
***
p<001
†
Participants who only had teacher report were excluded from these analyses, as gender and race were only collected in the parent report; Means reported are least squares means adjusted for the covariates. Means with different superscripts differ significantly in pairwise comparisons.
ODD SX = Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptom Total; ADHD SX=Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptom Total; CD=Conduct Disorder; CU=Callous-Unemotional.