Ethanol-induced necrosis/apoptosis of placental PCSCs. Placental PCSCs were treated with 0 mM or 100 mM ethanol in sealed humidified chambers at 37°C for 2 days, beginning 24 hours after establish ing the cultures. H&E stained paraffin-embedded sections depict (A) control and (D) ethanol exposed placental PCSCs. (B, E) Bax and (C, F) Bcl2 immunoreactivity were detected in trophoblastic cells by immunostaining adjacent sections of (B, C) control and (E, F) ethanol exposed PCSCs. [magnification bar= 25 µm] (G–I) Protein expression levels of (G) Bak, (H) Bax, and (I) Bcl2 were measured by direct binding ELISAs. The graphs depict the mean ± S.E.M. levels of immunoreactivity normalized to protein content in the wells. Intergroup comparisons were made using Student t-tests. Significant p-values (P<0.05) are indicated above the graphs.