FIGURE 3.

EDC-crosslinked proteins directly bind to nucleic acids. A, different amounts of prion peptide or scrambled control peptide pre-mixed with plasmid DNA were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. B, different amounts of Aβ peptide or a control peptide with reversed sequence pre-mixed with DNA were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. C, different amounts of different forms of HSA-derived proteins pre-mixed with plasmid DNA were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. D, 0.5 μg of plasmid DNA was incubated with increasing amounts of native or EDC-crosslinked IgG. Emission intensities at 520 nm were measured after addition of dye PicoGreen. E, EDC-crosslinked HSA pre-incubated with different amounts of heparin or chondroitin sulfate was mixed with DNA, then analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. F, different amounts of HSA-derived proteins were incubated with 0.5 μg of RNA then analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.