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. 2011 Jul 12;15(1):1–13. doi: 10.1007/s10071-011-0433-2

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Possible advantages of flying in formation. a Mechanical protection: one or more birds closely following a bird that is attacked may collide with the predator, causing injury. b Birds flying in a formation will produce complex and overlapping sounds. This may confuse diurnal raptors that use sound cues, alone or together with vision, to localize the prey