Table 1.
Characteristics of the ALF patient cohort
| Male | Female | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 120 | 224 | 344 | ||||
| Cancer (yes/no) | 2/118 | 3/221 | 5/339 | ||||
| Alive (yes/no) | 88/32 | 180/44 | 268/76 | ||||
| Transplant (yes/no) | 28/92 | 50/174 | 78/266 | ||||
| Spon Survival (yes/no) | 63/57 | 133/91 | 196/148 | ||||
| Latino (yes/no)* | 9/111 | 17/206 | 26/317 | ||||
| Age (average±SD) | 38.1±15.2 | 40.1±13.7 | 39.4±14.3 | ||||
| Cr max (average±SD)^ | 3.5±2.5 | 2.9±2.3 | 3.1±2.3 | ||||
| INR max (average±SD)^ | 5.7±5.1 | 5.4±4.8 | 5.5±4.9 | ||||
| Bili max (average±SD)^ | 19.5±14.2 | 15.5±12.6 | 16.9±13.3 | ||||
| MELD score (average±SD)° | 33.7±9.8 | 29.4±8.0 | 30.9±8.9 | ||||
| Coma Score** | I | II | III | IV | |||
| Patient # (M/F) | 19/34 | 15/39 | 18/34 | 68/117 | |||
| Race | AA | Asian | LA | NA | NH | OT | CA |
| Patients # (M/F) | 12/29 | 12/8 | 8/16 | 2/1 | 1/1 | 0/2 | 85/167 |
| ALF Etiology | AP | AU | DI | IN | ISCH | RA¶ | Viral |
| Patients # (M/F) | 46/121 | 4/19 | 10/29 | 20/24 | 10/9 | 9/11 | 21/11 |
| Spon Survival (yes/no) | 126/41$ | 5/18 | 20/19 | 14/30 | 14/5 | 7/13 | 10/22 |
AA, African-American; AP, Acetaminophen; AU, autoimmune; Bili, bilirubin; CA, Caucasian; Cr, creatinine; DI, Drug-induced; F, Female; IN, Indeterminate etiology; ISCH, ischemic; LA, Latino/Hispanic; M, Male; NA, Native American, NH, Native Hawaiian, RA, patients with rare ALF etiology; OT, patients, in which the race was not specified; SD, standard deviation; Spon, spontaneous survival without transplantation.
‘Max’ represents the highest value seen in a given patient both prior to and after admission.
The values indicate MELD scores obtained immediately after hospital admission. These initial MELD scores were unknown in 7 patients.
There were 26 patients with Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, in whom 24 the ‘race’ was either ‘Caucasian’ (11) or ‘Other’ (13). In these cases, the race was changed to Hispanic/Latino. One patient with Hispanic/Latino ethnicity was labelled as African-American and one as ‘Asian’. In these cases, original race was kept as it was. In one patient, the ethnicity is unknown.
Represents the highest value in a given patient both prior to and after admission. Deceased patients were assigned coma score 4.
This group includes patients with fatty liver disease during pregnancy (2), Budd-Chiari syndrome (2), Mushroom intoxication (3), Wilson disease (2) and two ALF patients with unknown diagnosis due to insufficient data. The other cause(s) is/are associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and occurred after gastric bypass (1), associated with multi-organ failure and Flu-/Vonconazole administration (1), with partial ornithine transcarbamylase defficiency (1), cirrhotic liver disease with steatosis (1), HELLP syndrome (1), T-cell lymphoma (1), non-compliance with immunosuppressive therapy/allograft rejection (1), hemochromatosis (1) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (1).