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Changes of hemodynamic and respiratory variables. Group P: combined use of propofol and alfentanil, Group D: use of dexmedetomidine. T1: baseline, T2: anesthesia start, T3 and T4: 5 and 10 min after anesthesia, T5: operation start, T6, T7, and T8: 5, 10, and 15 min after operation, T9: postoperation. Black circle: group D, white square: group P. *P < 0.05 in group P vs. group D.
