Table 3.

Time to death among American Indians and Alaska Natives on dialysis by geographic region

Region	Population at Risk No.	Deaths No.	Annual Rate, Percent per Year (95% CI)	Crude Model Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	Fully Adjusted Model* Hazard Ratio (95% CI)
Southern Plains	2,388	1,533	23.2 (20.1, 24.1)	Referent	Referent
Alaska	139	80	21.2 (20.2, 22.3)	0.96 (0.76, 1.21)	1.04 (0.87, 1.18)
Southwest	4,800	2,429	13.9 (13.4, 14.4)	0.59 (0.54, 0.64)	0.58 (0.52, 0.65)
Northern Plains	2,830	1,645	20.8 (19.8, 21.8)	0.90 (0.83, 0.96)	0.90 (0.82, 1.00)
Eastern US	1,418	885	20.0 (18.0, 22.3)	0.89 (0.82, 0.97)	0.93 (0.83, 1.04)
Pacific Coast	2,142	1,355	22.0 (20.9, 23.2)	0.94 (0.87, 1.01)	0.96 (0.87, 1.06)

*Multiple imputation models adjusted for age, sex, health insurance coverage (employer group, Medicare, Medicaid, Medicare/Medicaid, other or no insurance), comorbid conditions (cardiovascular disease, insulin and non-insulin requiring diabetes, poor functional status, cancer, alcohol, tobacco and drug use, chronic lung disease), body size (body mass index: <18.5, 18.5–24.9, 25.0–29.9, ≥ 30.0 kg/m²), anemia (hemoglobin <10 g/dl), hypoalbuminemia (albumin <3.5 g/dl), zip code poverty (<5, 5–9, 10–14, 15–19, ≥ 20 percent of zip code residents living in poverty) using dialysis facility as the cluster variable.