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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jan 3.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Intern Med. 2009 Dec 15;151(12):829–839. doi: 10.1059/0003-4819-151-12-200912150-00157

Table 3.

Economic outcomes* following vaccination for a city of 8.3 million individuals

VACCINATION IN OCTOBER VACCINATION IN NOVEMBER
R0 Vaccination Costs (millions of $) Treatment Costs (millions of $) Normal Healthcare Costs† (millions of $) Total Costs (millions of $) QALYs‡ ICER§ ($/QALY) Vaccination Costs (millions of $) Treatment Costs (millions of $) Normal Healthcare Costs (millions of $) Total Costs, (millions of $) QALYs ICER ($/QALY)
1.2 145 (352) 133 (70) 26,078 Cost-Saving 145 (343) 130 (65) 25,410 Cost-Saving
1.5 145 (500) 190 (159) 36,610 Cost-Saving 145 (375) 143 (83) 27,416 Cost-Saving
1.8 145 (197) 75 25 14,163 1,776 145 (110) 42 78 7,712 10,140
*

All outcomes are relative to no vaccination

†

Accounting for normal healthcare expenditures, total costs will increase in situations where deaths are averted.

‡

QALY = quality-adjust life year

§

ICER = incremental cost-effectiveness ratio