Figure 6. Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) adhesion, invasion, and transepithelial translocation by recombinant Lactobacillus paracasei (Lbp^LAP).

Caco-2 cells were exposed to Lbp^LAP, Lbp^LAP- (vector without LAP insert) or wild type (Lbp^WT) for 1, 4, 15, and 24 h before infection with Lm for 1 h in (a) adhesion and (b) invasion experiments, and 2 h for (c) transepithelial translocation experiments. Data are averages of three experiments run in triplicate. Bars marked with letters (a, b, c, d) are significantly different at P<0.05. Table below each graph shows average log Lm counts (SD) for each treatment.