TABLE 1.
In vitro activity of the new fluoroquinolones and ciprofloxacin against Gram-positive aerobes
| Bacteria | Fluoroquinolones | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ciprofloxacin | Clinafloxacin | Gatifloxacin | Grepafloxacin | Levofloxacin | Moxifloxacin | Sparfloxacin | Trovafloxacin | |||||||||
| MIC50 | MIC90 | MIC50 | MIC90 | MIC50 | MIC90 | MIC50 | MIC90 | MIC50 | MIC90 | MIC50 | MIC90 | MIC50 | MIC90 | MIC50 | MIC90 | |
| Staphylococcus aureus (MS) | 0.5 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.1 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.5 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.015 | 0.03 |
| S aureus (MR) | 1 | 16 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 3.1 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 16 | 2 | 4 | 0.06 | 8 | 0.25 | 2 |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis (MS) | 0.25 | 1 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.1 | 3.1 | 0.06 | 4 | 0.25 | 2 | 0.06 | 2 | 0.12 | 4 | 0.06 | 2 |
| S epidermidis (MR) | 1 | 16 | 0.25 | 1 | 0.1 | 3.1 | 0.12 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 0.12 | 8 | 1 | 4 |
| Staphylococcus saprophyticus | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.06 | 0.13 | NA | NA | 0.12 | 0.12 | NA | NA | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.03 | NA |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | 0.5 | 1 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.06 | 0.12 |
| Streptococcus agalactiae | 1 | 2 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.12 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 0.25 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae (PS) | 1 | 2 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 1 | 1 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.06 | 0.12 |
| S pneumoniae (PR) | 1 | 2 | 0.06 | 0.12 | NA | NA | 0.25 | 0.25 | 1 | 1 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.06 | 0.12 |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 1 | 8 | 0.13 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.25 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0.25 | 4 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
| Enterococcus faecium | 4 | 8 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 0.5 | 4 |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 1 | 2 | 0.13 | 0.13 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 2 | 0.12 | 0.25 |
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards approved and tentative breakpoints (42): S pneumoniae – grepafloxacin ≥2 μg/mL is resistant, levofloxacin ≥8 μg/mL is resistant, sparfloxacin ≥2 μg/mL is resistant, trovafloxacin ≥4 μg/mL is resistant, and no data are available for others. Staphylococcus species: ciprofloxacin ≥4 μg/mL is resistant, grepafloxacin ≥4 μg/mL is resistant, levofloxacin ≥8 μg/mL is resistant, sparfloxacin ≥2 μg/mL is resistant, and no data are available for others. MIC50 Minimum inhibitory concentration of 50% of isolates; MIC90 MIC of 90% of isolates; MR Methicillin resistant; MS Methicillin sensitive; NA Information not available; PR Penicillin resistant (penicillin MIC ≥2.0 μg/mL); PS Penicillin sensitive. Adapted from references: ciprofloxacin 43–51; clinafloxacin 10,43,50,52–55; gatifloxacin 11,56–58; grepafloxacin 46,59–62; levofloxacin 43,44,48,62–67; moxifloxacin 14,43,68–71; sparfloxacin 11,14,43,44,51,54,57,58,62,65,71–75; trovafloxacin 10,43–45,47,49,53,72,76–80