TABLE 1.
Reported prevalence of Toxocara species in outdoor environments by country
| Reference | Year | Country | Number of sites and type | Number of samples per site (total) | Prevalence number (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Per site | Per sample | |||||
| 18 | 1984 | Australia | 6 parks | ? (?) | 0 | 0 |
| 19 | 1990 | Australia | 41 sandpits in 30 kindergardens | 2–3 (?) | 0 | 0 |
| 20 | 1994 | Brazil | 39 parks | 5 (195) | 9 (23) | ? |
| 21 | 1976 | Canada | 10 parks | 1–5 | 6 (60) | 14 (33) |
| 33 sandboxes in 10 parks | 7 (18) | |||||
| 22 | 1986 | Canada | 21 playgrounds in parks | ? (510) | 11 parks (5) | 8 (2) |
| 8 | 1994 | Canada | 10 play areas in 10 DCCs | 10 (100) | 2 (20) | ? |
| 23 | 1980 | France | 17 parks | ? | 11 (65) | ? |
| 24 | 1982 | France | 15 sandboxes in 8 parks | 4–11 (58) | 2 (13) in 1 park | 4 (7) |
| 9 | 1986 | France | 13 sandboxes: 10 parks, 3 DCCs | ? | 8 (62):2 DCCs | ? |
| 25 | 1994 | France | 5 sandboxes: 3 parks, 2 kinder-gardens | 10 (50) | 4 (80) | 17 (34) |
| 26 | 1984 | Germany | 31 sandpits: ? | 4–10 (562) | 27 (87) | ? |
| 27 | 1987 | Germany | 18 sandboxes | ? (86) | 4 (22) | 4 (5) |
| 28 | 1990 | Germany | 52 sandpits in playground | 4 (208) | 29 (56) | 51 (25) |
| 29 | 1991 | Ireland | 26 gardens | ? | 10 (38) | ? |
| 17 parks | 2–6 (53) | 2 (12) | 3 (6) | |||
| 30 | 1994 | Ireland | 9 playgrounds | 12–40 (228) | 8 (89) | 35 (15) |
| 31 | 1993 | Japan | 24 sandpits in parks | 5 (120) | 21 (80) | ? |
| 22 sandpits in kindergardens | 5 (110) | 8 (36) | ? | |||
| 32 | 1993 | Japan | 13 sandpits in parks | 5–8 (?) | 12 (92) | ? |
| 33 | 1989 | Jordan | ? schools | ? (86) | ? | 5 (6) |
| ? public places | ? (94) | ? | 7 (8) | |||
| 34 | 1986 | La Réunion* | 13 playgrounds: park and school | 1 | 6 (46) | 6 (46) |
| 35 | 1993 | Netherlands | 27 parks | 6 (162) | ? | 13 (8) |
| ? sandboxes | 2 (61) | ? | 15 (25) | |||
| 36 | 1980 | Scotland | ? parks | ? (234) | ? | 17 (7) |
| 37 | 1989 | Spain | 132 urban park, street | 1 (132) | 6 (5) | 6 (5) |
| 310 rural play areas | 1 (310) | 28 (9) | 28 (9) | |||
| 38 | 1973 | United Kingdom | 10 parks | 40 (400) | 10 (100) | 93 (23) |
| 39 | 1987 | United Kingdom | 5 play areas in 5 parks | Vary (226) | 5 (100) | 147 (65) |
| 5 parks | Vary (277) | 5 (100) | 169 (61) | |||
| 40 | 1991 | United Kingdom | 8 parks | 8–229 (521) | 7 (88) | 33 (6) |
| 41 | 1975 | United States | 2 parks | 42 and 48 (90) | 2 (100) | 26 (29) |
| 42 | 1979 | United States | 23 swing areas in 10 parks | 1 (23) | 4 (17) | 4 (17) |
| 23 sandboxes in 10 parks | 1 (23) | 9 (39) | 9 (39) | |||
| 43 | 1980 | United States | 32 play areas in parks | Vary (285) | 1 (3) | 1 (0.4) |
| 44 | 1984 | United States | 20 parks | ? (1529) | 4 (20) | 6 (0.4) |
| 45 | 1985 | United States | 146 backyards | 3 (438) | 16 (11) | ? |
| 46 | 1988 | United States | 23 play areas in parks | Vary (135) | 11 (48) | 22 (16) |
| 47 | 1989 | United States | 3 parks | 13–53 (114) | 2 (67) | 22 (19) |
| 48 | 1983 | Yugoslavia | 10 parks | 10 (100) | 8 (80) | 27 (27) |
*
La Réunion is an Overseas French Department (France).
? Indicates that this information is not provided in the publication. DCC Day care centre