Table 4.
Logistic regression analysis of dietary behaviors, physical activity and sedentary lifestyle associated with overweight among Pakistani primary school children (n = 1860)
| Overweight, including obese (n = 316) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)a |
| Diet-related factors | ||
| Breakfast | ||
| Usually eat | Ref. | Ref. |
| Does not eat | 2.00 (1.35-2.94)‡ | 1.82 (1.22-2.71)‡ |
| Fast food and snacks | ||
| < once/week | Ref. | Ref. |
| 1-2 times/week | 1.43 (1.09-1.88)‡ | 1.41 (1.07-1.86)* |
| ≥ 3 times/week | 1.58 (1.12-2.24)* | 1.56 (1.09-2.24)* |
| Activity-related factors | ||
| Physical activityb | ||
| ≤ 2 times/week | Ref. | Ref. |
| > 2 times - 4 times/week | 0.51 (0.36-0.74)† | 0.49 (0.34-0.70)† |
| > 4 times - 7 times/week | 0.74 (0.56-0.97)* | 0.71 (0.54-0.94)* |
| Sedentary lifestylec | ||
| ≤ 1 hour/day | Ref. | Ref. |
| > 1 hour - 3 hours/day | 1.55 (1.20-2.01)‡ | 1.56 (1.19-2.03)‡ |
| > 3 hours - 6 hours/day | 1.80 (1.21-2.68)‡ | 1.69 (1.12-2.56)* |
† P < 0.001, ‡P < 0.01, *P < 0.05
aThe model is controlled for age and gender
bPhysical activity included running or jogging, cycling, housework or yard work, and sports involving physical movement (see details in methods)
cSedentary lifestyle included television viewing, working on computer and playing video games