Table 9.
Socio-demographic correlates of physical activity and sedentary lifestyle independently associated with higher BMI and overweight among Pakistani primary school children
| Total Sample (n = 1860) | Physical activity > twice a week (n = 988)a | Sedentary lifestyle > one hour a day (n = 909)b | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | n (%) | n (%) | χ2 | P value | n (%) | χ2 | P value |
| Gender | |||||||
| Boys | 977 (52.5) | 538 (55.1) | 3.14 | 0.077 | 512 (52.4) | 10.29 | 0.001 |
| Girls | 883 (47.5) | 450 (51.0) | 397 (45.0) | ||||
| Area and socioeconomic status (SES) | |||||||
| Urban, high SES | 465 (25.0) | 224 (48.2) | 36.39 | < 0.001 | 280 (60.2) | 60.32 | < 0.001 |
| Urban, middle SES | 465 (25.0) | 229 (49.2) | 229 (49.2) | ||||
| Urban, low SES | 465 (25.0) | 232 (49.9) | 237 (51.0) | ||||
| Rural, low/disadvantaged SES | 465 (25.0) | 303 (65.2) | 163 (35.1) | ||||
| Neighborhood income | |||||||
| Low | 651 (35.0) | 374 (57.5) | 8.16 | 0.017 | 248 (38.1) | 50.83 | < 0.001 |
| Middle | 910 (48.9) | 468 (51.4) | 482 (53.0) | ||||
| High | 299 (16.1) | 146 (48.8) | 179 (59.9) | ||||
| Parental education | |||||||
| Illiterate | 366 (19.7) | 212 (57.9) | 7.30 | 0.063 | 133 (36.3) | 62.12 | < 0.001 |
| High school | 496 (26.7) | 273 (55.0) | 205 (41.3) | ||||
| College | 531 (28.5) | 264 (49.7) | 305 (57.4) | ||||
| Higher education | 467 (25.1) | 239 (51.2) | 266 (57.0) | ||||
| Parental working status | |||||||
| Father only | 1465 (78.8) | 785 (53.6) | 0.60 | 0.439 | 732 (50.0) | 3.31 | 0.069 |
| Both parents | 395 (21.2) | 203 (51.4) | 177 (44.8) | ||||
| Number of siblings | |||||||
| No | 26 (1.4) | 15 (57.7) | 0.23 | 0.893 | 17 (65.4) | 46.99 | < 0.001 |
| 1-3 | 1008 (54.2) | 534 (53.0) | 561 (55.7) | ||||
| > 3 | 826 (44.4) | 439 (53.1) | 331 (40.1) | ||||
| Number of persons in child's living room | |||||||
| No | 116 (6.2) | 51 (44.0) | 4.24 | 0.120 | 73 (62.9) | 16.96 | < 0.001 |
| 1-3 | 791 (42.5) | 422 (53.4) | 407 (51.5) | ||||
| > 3 | 953 (51.2) | 515 (54.0) | 429 (45.0) | ||||
aPhysical activity included running or jogging, cycling, housework or yard work, and sports involving physical movement (see details in methods)
bSedentary lifestyle included television viewing, working on computer and playing video games