Figure 1: Schematic illustration summarizing the effects of an intra-renal administration of VEGF in the stenotic kidney, in a model of chronic RVD.

Exogenous VEGF stimulated angiogenic and pro-survival mediators that promote cell survival and MV proliferation and repair, consequently decreasing renal injury and improving renal function.

Abbreviations: RVD: renovascular disease; MV: microvascular; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; Ang-1: angiopoietin-1.