Figure 5. NhhA-induced apoptosis does not require TNF-α signaling.

The RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line was incubated with 400 nM recombinant NhhA or 0.5 µg/ml E. coli LPS for 20 hours. In addition, cells were incubated with an inhibitory TNF-α antibody or treated with an irrelevant isotype-matched antibody. Apoptotic cells were visualized using the APOPercentage kit and the relative numbers of apoptotic cells were determined by light microscopy. Values indicate mean±SD of three independent experiments. *, p<0.05.