Table 1.

Behavior of shikimic acid and its derivatives on paper chromatography

System	Raf
	SA	QA	DSA	PSA	Reference
EtOH–H2O (75:25)	52				[78]
EtOH–AmOH–1 M HOAc (2:1:1)	65		40		[90]
n-PrOH–NH4OH–H2O (75:1.5:23.5)	16				[78]
n-PrOH–HOAc–H2O (75:1.5:23.5)	71				[78]
n-PrOH–35% NH2–H2O (6:3:1)	44	48			[91]
i-PrOH–H2O (3:2)	68	57			[92]
i-PrOH–Pyr–H2O–HOAc (8:8:4:1)	78	50			[93]
n-BuOH–HCOOH–H2O (50:2.5:10)	43		46		[78, 94]
n-BuOH–HOAc–H2O (6:1:2)	77				[95]
n-BuOH–HOAc–H2O (50:1.5:12.5)	38				[78]
n-BuOH–HOAc–H2O (50:3:10)	37			02	[96]
n-BuOH–HOAc–H2O (50:3:12.5)	42		22		[30b, 94]
n-BuOH–HOAc–H2O (4:1:5)	46	24			[92]
n-BuOH–EtOH–borate buffer (1:1:1)	27	42			[97]c
t-BuOH–1 M HOAc (3:1)	45		10		[90]
t-BuOH–HCOOH–H2O (70:15:15)	48				[78]
t-BuOH–phenol–iPrOH–H2O (1:3:1:1)	42	23	50		[91, 94, 98]
t-BuOH–88% HCOOH–H2O (2:1:1)	75		10		[90]
n-AmOH–5 M HCOOH (1:1)	19				[62]
EtOAc–HOAc–H2O (3:1:3)	50	36			[99]
Ether–acetone–HOAc–H2O (6:3:3:1)	34	26			[100]
2% HOAc	84	94			[92]
Phenol–H2O–98% HCOOH (3:1:0.04)	30				[62, 78]
Phenol–H2O (3:1) plus 0.9% HCOOH	56	43			[91]
Phenol–H2O (4:1)	55		60		[101]
Phenol–H2O (3:1)	44		48		[94]
Phenol sat’d. with H2O	40			09	[96]
Phenol–H2O–HCOOH (3:1:1%)	58	50	73		[98]

SA shikimic acid, QA quinic acid, DSA dehydroshikimic acid, PSA phosphoshikimic acid

^aR_f × 100 for SA, QA, DSA, and PSA

^bWhatman 3MM paper

^cWhatman no. 4 filter paper pretreated with borate buffer