Table 2.
Characteristics of the study population by dietary pattern cluster1
| Healthy foods (n=319) | Breakfast cereal (n= 258) | Meat and alcohol (n=31) | Sweets and desserts (n=289) | Refined grains (n=284) | High-fat dairy products (n=570) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | |
| Characteristics | ||||||||||||
| Gender (% men) | 36.7 | 53.92 | 83.92 | 47.42 | 51.12 | 45.82 | ||||||
| Age (years)3 | 75.0 | 0.2 | 75.4 | 0.2 | 74.1 | 0.5 | 75.1 | 0.2 | 75.1 | 0.2 | 75.0 | 0.1 |
| Race (% White) | 83.4 | 75.62 | 64.52 | 75.82 | 53.92 | 55.32 | ||||||
| Education (% completed high school)4 | 90.6 | 83.32 | 71.02 | 84.82 | 61.62 | 77.72 | ||||||
| Smoking (lifetime pack-years)4 | 12.5 | 1.2 | 18.42 | 1.7 | 42.52 | 7.7 | 20.32 | 1.8 | 18.82 | 1.5 | 17.92 | 1.1 |
| Alcohol (% any consumption)4 | 61.8 | 55.4 | 100.02 | 56.1 | 46.12 | 52.32 | ||||||
| Physical activity (kcal/week)4 | 1431 | 111 | 1155 | 103 | 1640 | 674 | 10122 | 90 | 9532 | 102 | 9812 | 70 |
| PPAR-γ Pro12Ala genotype (n (%))5 | ||||||||||||
| Pro/Pro | 260 (82.5) | 203 (80.2) | 27 (87.1) | 233 (82.6) | 247 (88.9)2 | 467 (84.0) | ||||||
| Ala/Pro and Ala/Ala | 55 (17.5) | 50 (19.8) | 4 (12.9) | 49 (17.4) | 31 (11.2)2 | 89 (16.0) | ||||||
| Body composition | ||||||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2)4 | 26.3 | 0.3 | 27.1 | 0.3 | 27.1 | 0.9 | 26.2 | 0.2 | 26.8 | 0.3 | 27.42 | 0.2 |
| Total body fat (%)4 | 35.7 | 0.4 | 35.1 | 0.5 | 30.72 | 1.1 | 34.9 | 0.4 | 34.3 | 0.5 | 35.5 | 0.3 |
| Dietary factors3 | ||||||||||||
| Total calorie intake (kcal) | 1688 | 29 | 1722 | 35 | 20132 | 116 | 20512 | 40 | 18532 | 40 | 18532 | 27 |
| % kcal from carbohydrate | 57.4 | 0.4 | 59.32 | 0.5 | 43.32 | 1.3 | 52.52 | 0.4 | 53.32 | 0.4 | 50.42 | 0.3 |
| % kcal from protein | 16.2 | 0.2 | 14.02 | 0.2 | 13.02 | 0.5 | 12.92 | 0.1 | 13.82 | 0.1 | 14.42 | 0.1 |
| % kcal from fat | 27.7 | 0.3 | 28.1 | 0.4 | 31.92 | 1.1 | 36.02 | 0.3 | 34.02 | 0.4 | 36.32 | 0.3 |
| % kcal from saturated fat | 7.5 | 0.1 | 8.22 | 0.1 | 9.42 | 0.4 | 10.62 | 0.1 | 9.42 | 0.1 | 10.72 | 0.1 |
| Total dietary fiber (g) | 20.3 | 0.4 | 17.32 | 0.4 | 15.12 | 1.2 | 17.12 | 0.4 | 16.42 | 0.4 | 17.02 | 0.3 |
| Dietary glycemic index (glucose scale) | 54.4 | 0.2 | 59.62 | 0.2 | 50.22 | 1.0 | 55.82 | 0.2 | 58.82 | 0.2 | 55.22 | 0.2 |
| Dietary glycemic load (glucose scale) | 120.6 | 2.3 | 141.82 | 3.2 | 103.2 | 7.3 | 140.12 | 2.8 | 135.52 | 3.3 | 119.0 | 1.9 |
| Healthy Eating Index score | 80.5 | 0.4 | 72.72 | 0.6 | 66.52 | 2.0 | 64.22 | 0.7 | 67.62 | 0.7 | 67.62 | 0.5 |
1
Means and SE, unless otherwise specified.
2
Significantly different from the ‘Healthy foods’ cluster, P ≤ 0.05 (Dunnett’s test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables).
3
Values from year 2 of the Health ABC study.
4
Values from baseline of the Health ABC study.
5
Genotype information not available for 36 participants.