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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011 Sep 14;66(1):18–24. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.162

Table 3.

Multivariate-adjusted means of biochemical variables by dietary pattern cluster1

Healthy foods (n=319) Breakfast cereal (n=258) Meat and alcohol (n=31) Sweets and desserts (n=289) Refined grains (n=284) High-fat dairy products (n=570)
Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
 Model 12 91.7 0.5 93.0 0.6 95.3 1.8 91.6 0.5 91.7 0.6 93.43 0.4
 Model 24 91.7 0.5 92.9 0.6 94.7 1.8 91.3 0.6 92.0 0.6 93.53 0.4
 Model 35 91.9 0.5 92.7 0.6 94.6 1.7 91.5 0.5 92.1 0.5 93.3 0.4
Fasting insulin (μU/mL)
 Model 12 6.1 0.2 7.03 0.2 5.9 0.6 6.6 0.2 6.8 0.2 7.03 0.2
 Model 24 6.2 0.2 6.93 0.2 5.7 0.6 6.5 0.2 6.7 0.2 7.03 0.2
 Model 35 6.3 0.2 6.8 0.2 5.7 0.5 6.7 0.2 6.8 0.2 6.93 0.1
2-hour glucose (mg/dL)
 Model 12 118.4 2.1 122.6 2.4 119.4 7.0 119.4 2.3 117.3 2.2 120.7 1.6
 Model 24 118.7 2.2 122.4 2.5 118.3 6.9 119.0 2.3 117.6 2.3 120.7 1.6
 Model 35 119.1 2.2 121.8 2.4 118.1 6.8 119.5 2.3 117.9 2.3 120.3 1.6
HOMA-IR
 Model 12 1.4 0.0 1.63 0.1 1.4 0.2 1.5 0.1 1.5 0.1 1.63 0.0
 Model 24 1.4 0.0 1.63 0.1 1.3 0.1 1.5 0.1 1.5 0.1 1.63 0.0
 Model 35 1.4 0.0 1.5 0.1 1.3 0.1 1.5 0.0 1.6 0.0 1.63 0.0
C-reactive protein (μg/mL)
 Model 12 1.6 0.1 1.8 0.1 1.5 0.2 1.8 0.1 1.8 0.1 1.8 0.1
 Model 24 1.7 0.1 1.8 0.1 1.4 0.2 1.9 0.1 1.7 0.1 1.8 0.1
 Model 35 1.7 0.1 1.7 0.1 1.4 0.2 1.9 0.1 1.7 0.1 1.7 0.1
Interleukin-6 (pg/mL)
 Model 12 1.6 0.1 1.7 0.1 2.2 0.3 1.93 0.1 1.83 0.1 1.93 0.1
 Model 24 1.7 0.1 1.7 0.1 2.0 0.2 1.93 0.1 1.8 0.1 1.93 0.0
 Model 35 1.7 0.1 1.7 0.1 2.0 0.2 1.93 0.1 1.8 0.1 1.93 0.0
Tumor necrosis factor- α (pg/mL)
 Model 12 2.9 0.1 3.0 0.1 2.9 0.2 3.2 0.1 3.23 0.1 3.23 0.1
 Model 24 2.9 0.1 2.9 0.1 2.7 0.2 3.1 0.1 3.2 0.1 3.2 0.1
 Model 35 3.0 0.1 2.9 0.1 2.7 0.2 3.1 0.1 3.2 0.1 3.1 0.1
1

Geometric means and SE.

2

Adjusted for gender, age and race.

3

Significantly different from the ‘Healthy foods’ cluster, P ≤ 0.05 (Dunnett’s test).

4

Adjusted for gender, age, race, clinical site, education, physical activity, smoking status, and total calorie intake.

5

Adjusted for gender, age, race, clinical site, education, physical activity, smoking status, total calorie intake, and BMI.