Table 3. Potential volatile marker metabolites found in the urinary volatile composition of the four groups by total significance of one-way ANOVA and LSD post-hoc test for multiple comparisons.
Meana values of peak areas (n=3)
|
One-way significance
|
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Metabolites | Colon (A) | %Changeb | Lymphoma (B) | %Change | Leukaemia (D) | %Change | Control (E) | F | P-valuec | LSD (multiple comparison test) |
Hexanal | 101 409 | −54.6 | 125 271 | −44.0 | 195 841 | −12.4 | 223 543 | 4.531 | 0.002 | A–E (P=0.016) |
Heptanal | 17 866 | −62.3 | 89 807 | 89.6 | NF | NF | 47 370 | 4.084 | 0.024 | A–E (P=0.045) |
2-Methyl-3-phenyl-2-propenal | 299 264 | 148.3 | 653 443 | 442.2 | 144 933 | 20.2 | 120 528 | 5.515 | 0.001 | A–B (P=0.012) |
B–D (P<0.001) | ||||||||||
B–E (P<0.001) | ||||||||||
3-Heptanone | NF | NF | 566 713 | 684.9 | NF | NF | 72 205 | 16.490 | <0.001 | B–E (P=0.002) |
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | 82 898 | 99.2 | 57 260 | 37.6 | 66 229 | 59.1 | 41 623 | 3.124 | 0.032 | A–E (P=0.006) |
p-Cymene | 1743 047 | 210.2 | 1 320 992 | 135.1 | 858 328 | 52.8 | 561 906 | 2.741 | 0.050 | A–E (P=0.009) |
Anisole | 568 939 | 834.5 | 14 948 | −75.4 | 144 401 | 137.2 | 60 881 | 23.088 | <0.001 | A–D (P<0.001) |
A–E ( P<0.001) | ||||||||||
γ-Terpinene | 499 986 | 187.2 | 91 305 | −47.5 | 88 595 | −49.1 | 174 078 | 4.041 | 0.012 | A–D (P=0.004) |
A–E (P=0.022) | ||||||||||
Bornylene | 73 702 | 374.3 | 3998 | −74.3 | 35 962 | 131.4 | 15 540 | 3.131 | 0.047 | A–D (P=0.026) |
A–E (P=0.009) | ||||||||||
Dimethyl disulphide | 3 246 008 | −52.9 | 3 789 218 | −45.0 | 3 496 595 | −49.3 | 6 892 194 | 4.667 | 0.005 | A–E (P=0.006) |
D–E (P=0.008) | ||||||||||
2-Methoxythiophene | 282 352 | 14.1 | 2 767 00 | 11.9 | 401 862 | 62.4 | 247 376 | 5.211 | 0.003 | D–E (P=0.005) |
4-Methyl-phenol | 3 730 154 | 216.5 | 1 660 457 | 40.9 | 2 232 899 | 89.4 | 1178 693 | 3.776 | 0.014 | A–E (P=0.006) |
1-Octanol | 64 089 | −28.8 | 124 984 | 38.9 | 136 895 | 52.2 | 89 968 | 3.562 | 0.019 | A–D (P=0.002) |
D–E (P=0.021) | ||||||||||
1,2-Dihydro-1,1, 6-trimethyl-naphthalene | 2 092 233 | 189.0 | 760 528 | 5.1 | 1 316 780 | 81.9 | 723 911 | 3.571 | 0.018 | A–E (P=0.002) |
1,4,5-Trimethyl-naphthalene | 75 610 | 131.7 | 51 364 | 57.4 | 37 398 | 14.6 | 32 634 | 4.136 | 0.011 | A–D (P=0.006) |
A–E (P=0.002) | ||||||||||
2,7-Dimethyl-quinoline | 326 614 | 268.1 | 113 090 | 27.5 | 85 692 | −3.4 | 88 718 | 5.697 | 0.002 | A–D (P=0.002) |
A–E (P=0.001) |
Abbreviations: ANOVA= analysis of variance; LSD= least significant difference; NF= not found; r.s.d.= relative standard deviation.
Average value from three replicates; r.s.d. lower than 20%.
Percentage change of cancer from normal, calculated from the arithmetic mean values of each group. Positive and negative percentages indicate higher levels of metabolites in cancer patients and healthy subjects, respectively.
Statistical P-value calculated using the LSD test (significance at P<0.05).