Table 2.

Effect of non-surgical weight loss on UI

Study	N	Design	BMI (or wt) Δ	Δ in UI episodes	Other Outcomes
Subak et al (70), 2002	10	Weight loss program	BMI down from 38.3 to 33.0 (−5.3 +/− 6.2; P < 0.03)	13 to 8 per week after wt loss (P < 0.07)	All pt’s losing ≥ 5% body wt (6 of 10) had > 50% reduction in UI freq (P < 0.03)
Subak et al (72), 2005	40	Randomized to: 1. Immediate intervention (n = 20) 2. Delayed (3 month) inter- vention (n = 20)	Wt Δ by group: 1. −16 kg 2. No change P < 0.0001	Reduction in weekly SUI (%): 1. 60 2. 15 P <0.0005	- Group 2 had 71% reduction in weekly UI after wt loss - Group 1 had significant improvements in IIQ and UDI scores
Brown et al (71), 2006	1957	Randomized to: 1. Lifestyle intervention (n = 660) 2. Metformin (n = 636) 3. Placebo (n = 661)	Wt Δ by group: 1. −3.4 ± 8.2 kg 2. −1.5 ± 7.6 kg 3. +0.5 ± 6.7 kg P < 0.001	Prevalence of weekly SUI (%): 1. 31.3 2. 39.7 3. 36.7 P = 0.006	Weekly Urge UI was lower in Group 1 (23.7% vs. 28.7 and 25.6), but not significant (P = 0.12)
Subak et al (73), 2007	338	Randomized to: 1. 6 month wt loss program (n = 226) 2. Health infor- mation sessions (n = 112)	Wt Δ by group: 1. −8 kg (8%) 2. −2 kg (2%) P < 0.0001	Reduction in weekly UI / SUI (%): 1. 49 / 59 2. 33 / 30 P = 0.01 / < 0.01	A 70% decrease in UI episode frequency was seen in 41% of Group 1 vs. 22% in Group 2 (P < 0.003)