Table 5.
Multivariate Associations Between Child and Family Characteristics and Children’s Receipt of Preventive Counseling (2002–2007)
| Past 2 Years | Lifetime | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and Other Characteristics | Did Not Receive All 4 Preventive Counseling Items (Missing ≥1)a aRR (95% CI) | Did Not Receive Any of 4 Preventive Counseling Itemsa aRR (95% CI) | Did Not Receive All 4 Preventive Counseling Items (Missing ≥1)a aRR (95% CI) | Did Not Receive Any of 4 Preventive Counseling Itemsa aRR (95% CI) |
| Family USC patterns | ||||
| USC: yes child/yes parent(s)b | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| USC: yes child/no parent | 1.03 (1.01–1.05)c | 1.07 (1.01–1.14)c | 1.04 (1.01–1.06)c | 1.06 (0.99–1.13) |
| USC: no child/yes parent(s) | 1.07 (1.03–1.11)c | 1.49 (1.38–1.61)c | 1.08 (1.04–1.12)c | 1.52 (1.39–1.66)c |
| USC: no child/no parent | 1.08 (1.05–1.11)c | 1.47 (1.40–1.55)c | 1.09 (1.06–1.12)c | 1.49 (1.39–1.60)c |
| Household income group, % FPL | ||||
| >400%b | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 200% - <400% | 1.05 (1.02–1.07)c | 1.23 (1.17–1.30)c | 1.05 (1.03–1.08)c | 1.27 (1.19–1.35)c |
| 125% to <200% | 1.04 (1.01–1.07)c | 1.24 (1.16–1.32)c | 1.06 (1.03–1.09)c | 1.31 (1.21–1.41)c |
| 100% to <125% | 1.03 (1.00–1.07) | 1.22 (1.12–1.33)c | 1.04 (1.01–1.08)c | 1.27 (1.15–1.40)c |
| <100% | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | 1.17 (1.10–1.25)c | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 1.23 (1.14–1.33)c |
| Child’s age, y | ||||
| 2–4b | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 5–9 | 0.97 (0.96–0.99)c | 1.35 (1.29–1.42)c | 0.95 (0.93-.096)c | 1.27 (1.21–1.35)c |
| 10–13 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 1.52 (1.44–1.61)c | 0.96 (0.94–0.98)c | 1.43 (1.34–1.51)c |
| 14–17 | 1.06 (1.04–1.07)c | 1.70 (1.61–1.81)c | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 1.55 (1.44–1.65)c |
| Child’s race/ethnicity | ||||
| White, non-Hispanicb | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Hispanic, any race | 0.95 (0.93–0.97)c | 0.88 (0.83–0.93)c | 0.95 (0.93–0.98)c | 0.94 (0.89–1.00) |
| Nonwhite, non-Hispanic | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.96 (0.91–1.02) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 1.02 (0.96–1.09) |
| Family composition | ||||
| 2 Parents in householdb | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 Parent in household | 1.02 (1.01–1.04)c | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | 1.03 (1.01–1.04)c | 0.98 (0.94–1.04) |
| At least 1 parent completed high school | ||||
| Yesb | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 1.09 (1.04–1.15)c | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | 1.12 (1.06–1.19)c |
| Geographic residence | ||||
| Northeastb | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| West | 1.10 (1.06–1.14)c | 1.40 (1.26–1.56)c | 1.08 (1.03–1.13)c | 1.29 (1.14–1.46)c |
| South | 1.12 (1.08–1.16)c | 1.37 (1.24–1.52)c | 1.12 (1.08–1.16)c | 1.31 (1.16–1.47)c |
| Midwest | 1.11 (1.07–1.15)c | 1.36 (1.22–1.51)c | 1.11 (1.07–1.16)c | 1.29 (1.14–1.46)c |
| Parent’s insurance status | ||||
| Insured all year (at least 1 parent)b | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Not insured all year | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 1.03 (0.98–1.09) |
| Child’s insurance status | ||||
| Insured all yearb | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Partial year insurance | 1.04 (1.01–1.06)c | 1.11 (1.06–1.18)c | 1.04 (1.01–1.06)c | 1.10 (1.03–1.17)c |
| Full year uninsured | 1.05 (1.02–1.08)c | 1.23 (1.15–1.31)c | 1.05 (1.02–1.08)c | 1.20 (1.11–1.29)c |
| Child health status | ||||
| Excellent/very goodb | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Good/fair/poor | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.90 (0.86–0.94)c | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 0.92 (0.88–0.96)c |
aRR = adjusted risk ratio; FPL = federal poverty level; USC = usual source of care.
Source: 2002–2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Household Component (MEPS-HC).
a
The preventive counseling services include MEPS-HC items that asked parents whether a doctor or health care clinician had advised their child about the importance of (1) healthy eating, (2) routine exercise, (3) use of care safety seats/booster seats/seat belts, and (4) use of a helmet while riding a tricycle/bicycle.
b
Reference group.
c
P <.05.