Table 1.
Domains explored in the booklet and their corresponding questionnaire of reference
| Domain | Questionnaire | Type of scales, number of items | Range of score |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pain | Adjectival pain scale | Likert, 1 | 1–5 |
| Function | Roland & Morris Questionnaire (RMQ) [18]a | Yes or no, 24 | 0–24 |
| Dallas Pain Questionnaire (DPQ) [13, 14], daily activities subscaleb | Likert, 7 | 0–100 | |
| Quality of Life | World Health Organization Questionnaire (WHOQoL-bref)c [9] | Lickert, 26 | 16–80 |
| Health related quality of life | European 5 Dimension Questionnaire (EQ-5D)d [19] |
Likert, 5 | −0.59 to 1 |
| Social disability | Dallas Pain Questionnaire (DPQ) Social interest subscale |
Likert, 3 | 0–100 |
| Work disability | Dallas Pain Questionnaire (DPQ) Work–leisure subscale |
Likert, 3 | 0–100 |
| Mood | Dallas Pain Questionnaire (DPQ) Anxiety–depression subscale |
Likert, 3 | 0–100 |
| Multidimensional evaluation | Dallas Pain Questionnaire (DPQ) Whole score |
Likert, 16 | 0–100 |
aRMQ: enquires as to whether back pain hinders the performance of 24 activities of daily living (today) with a score ranging from 0 (best health status) to 24 points (worst health status)
bDPQ: includes 16 items in four domains: daily living, work/leisure, anxiety/depression and social interest. Each scale goes from 0 (no problem) to 100 (fully disabled)
cWHOQoL-bref: measures four domains (each scored 4 (best status) to 20 (worst status)) considered to contribute to overall QoL: psychological, physical, social, and environmental well-being
dEQ-5D: evaluates mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression, considering three levels of severity (no problems, some or moderate problems, and severe problems). A non-weighted approach was used to score the EQ5-D [21]