Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics of the sample (n = 179)
| Variables | Data |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 47.7 ± 12.3 |
| Gender (M/F) | 67 (37.4%)/112 (62.6%) |
| Married (yes/no) | 121 (69.5%)/53 (30.5%) |
| Employed | |
| Yes | 139 (77.7%) |
| No | 22 (12.3%) |
| Retired | 18 (10.1%) |
| Education | |
| Primary school | 3 (1.7%) |
| Secondary school | 30 (16.8%) |
| Higher education | 94 (52.5%) |
| Degree | 52 (29.1%) |
| Smokers (yes/no) | 45 (25.1%)/134 (74.9%) |
| LBP duration (months) | 6 (4) |
| Limb involvement (yes/no) | 116 (64.8%)/62 (34.6%) |
| Drugs | |
| Antianxious/antidepressants | 17 (9.5%) |
| Pain-killers | 50 (27.9%) |
| Muscle-relaxants | 16 (8.9%) |
| NSAIDs | 45 (25.1%) |
| Non-spinal comorbidities (yes/no) | 29 (16.2%)/150 (83.8%) |
Continuous variables: mean values ± standard deviation; discrete variables: frequency (percentages); LBP duration: median value (interquartile range)