TABLE 3.
RRs of T2D for quintiles of GL within 3 strata of alcohol intake1
| Quintiles of GL within 3 strata of alcohol intake (g/d) |
||||||
| 0 to <70 | 70–89 | >89–106 | >106–129 | >129 | P-trend | |
| Alcohol intake of 0 to <5 g/d | ||||||
| Cases (n) | 862 | 971 | 1102 | 1188 | 1318 | — |
| Person-years | 206,999 | 236,881 | 257,668 | 270,934 | 290,632 | — |
| MV model 1 | 1.00 (reference)2 | 1.02 (0.93, 1.13) | 1.13 (1.02, 1.26) | 1.21 (1.07, 1.36) | 1.29 (1.11, 1.49) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol intake of 5 to <15 g/d | ||||||
| Cases (n) | 221 | 197 | 197 | 212 | 196 | — |
| Person-years | 98,448 | 95,797 | 91,094 | 88,194 | 76,957 | — |
| MV model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.99 (0.80, 1.22) | 1.07 (0.84, 1.37) | 1.26 (0.95, 1.68) | 1.34 (0.93, 1.92) | 0.05 |
| Alcohol intake of ≥15 g/d | ||||||
| Cases (n) | 156 | 115 | 91 | 66 | 58 | — |
| Person-years | 72,568 | 55,998 | 47,939 | 40,964 | 30,807 | — |
| MV model 3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (0.76, 1.31) | 0.98 (0.71, 1.36) | 0.87 (0.58, 1.30) | 0.99 (0.60, 1.65) | 0.82 |
All MV models were adjusted for age (in mo), family history of T2D (yes or no), BMI (in kg/m2; <21, 21–22.9, 23–24.9, 25–26.9, 27–29.9, 30–32.9, 33–34.9, 35–39.9, or ≥40), energy intake (kcal; continuous), alcohol intake (g/d; continuous), cereal fiber intake (quintiles; g/d), physical activity (1 to <3, 3 to <9, 9 to <18, 18 to <27, or ≥27 metabolic equivalent task hours/wk), smoking status (never, past, or currently 1–14, 15–24, or ≥25 cigarettes/d), menopausal status and hormone use (premenopausal, postmenopausal and never used hormones, postmenopausal and current hormone users, or postmenopausal and past hormone users), coffee intake (quintiles; cups/d; 1 cup = 237 mL), ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (quintiles), trans fat intake (quintiles; percentage of total energy), and red-meat consumption (quintiles; servings/d). At baseline, the number of participants in each alcohol category was as follows: 53,102 for alcohol intake 0 to <5 g/d with the number of participants from quintiles 1 to 5 of GL being 9156, 9707, 11,111, 11,341, and 11,787, respectively; 18,681 participants for alcohol intake 5 to <15 g/d with the number of participants from quintiles 1 to 5 of GL being 4413, 3923, 3843, 3658, and 2844, respectively; and 10,044 participants for alcohol intake ≥15 g/d with the number of participants from quintiles 1 to 5 of GL being 2970, 2158, 1857, 1711, and 1348, respectively. P-interaction = 0.02. GL, glycemic load; MV, multivariate; T2D, type 2 diabetes.
RR (95% CI) from Cox proportional hazards models (all such values).