TABLE 2.
Multivariate risks for the association between intakes of energy and nutrients at ages 12–13 y and colorectal cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study (n = 292,797)
| Quintile 1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 | P-trend1 | |
| Carbohydrate | ||||||
| Median (g/1000 kcal) | 71 | 81 | 88 | 96 | 109 | – |
| Colon cancer (no. of cases) | 534 | 526 | 535 | 591 | 608 | – |
| Rectal cancer (no. of cases) | 188 | 205 | 209 | 180 | 197 | – |
| Colon2 | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.87, 1.11)3 | 0.99 (0.87, 1.12) | 1.06 (0.94, 1.19) | 1.04 (0.92, 1.17) | 0.30 |
| Colon + recent adult intake4 | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.88, 1.12) | 1.01 (0.89, 1.14) | 1.08 (0.96, 1.22) | 1.07 (0.95, 1.21) | 0.13 |
| Rectal2 | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.90, 1.35) | 1.13 (0.93, 1.38) | 0.98 (0.79, 1.20) | 1.03 (0.84, 1.27) | 0.84 |
| Rectal + recent adult intake4 | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.91, 1.36) | 1.15 (0.94, 1.40) | 1.00 (0.81, 1.23) | 1.07 (0.87, 1.32) | 0.82 |
| Total fat | ||||||
| Median (g/1000 kcal) | 46 | 51 | 54 | 57 | 61 | – |
| Colon cancer (no. of cases) | 596 | 587 | 527 | 540 | 544 | – |
| Rectal cancer (no. of cases) | 182 | 192 | 190 | 211 | 204 | – |
| Colon2 | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.91, 1.14) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.05) | 0.95 (0.84, 1.07) | 0.95 (0.84, 1.07) | 0.22 |
| Colon + recent adult intake4 | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.90, 1.14) | 0.92 (0.81, 1.03) | 0.94 (0.83, 1.06) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.05) | 0.12 |
| Rectal2 | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.88, 1.33) | 1.04 (0.84, 1.28) | 1.14 (0.93, 1.40) | 1.05 (0.85, 1.29) | 0.57 |
| Rectal + recent adult intake4 | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.87, 1.32) | 1.02 (0.83, 1.26) | 1.11 (0.91, 1.37) | 1.02 (0.83, 1.26) | 0.74 |
| Protein | ||||||
| Median (g/1000 kcal) | 35 | 39 | 41 | 43 | 47 | – |
| Colon cancer (no. of cases) | 577 | 582 | 565 | 540 | 530 | – |
| Rectal cancer (no. of cases) | 206 | 184 | 183 | 213 | 193 | – |
| Colon2 | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.93, 1.18) | 1.04 (0.93, 1.17) | 1.01 (0.90, 1.14) | 1.00 (0.89, 1.13) | 0.82 |
| Colon + recent adult intake4 | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.94, 1.19) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.18) | 1.02 (0.90, 1.15) | 1.01 (0.90, 1.14) | 0.93 |
| Rectal2 | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.76, 1.14) | 0.92 (0.75, 1.13) | 1.11 (0.92, 1.35) | 1.00 (0.82, 1.23) | 0.50 |
| Rectal + recent adult intake4 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.74, 1.11) | 0.91 (0.74, 1.11) | 1.10 (0.91, 1.33) | 0.99 (0.81, 1.22) | 0.58 |
| Fiber | ||||||
| Median (g/1000 kcal) | 4.5 | 5.8 | 6.9 | 8.2 | 10.8 | – |
| Colon cancer (no. of cases) | 521 | 561 | 534 | 570 | 608 | – |
| Rectal cancer (no. of cases) | 154 | 182 | 223 | 207 | 213 | – |
| Colon2 | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.93, 1.18) | 0.95 (0.85, 1.08) | 0.99 (0.88, 1.12) | 1.02 (0.90, 1.15) | 0.99 |
| Colon + recent adult intake4 | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.94, 1.20) | 0.97 (0.86, 1.10) | 1.01 (0.90, 1.15) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.19) | 0.61 |
| Rectal2 | 1.00 | 1.16 (0.93, 1.44) | 1.38 (1.12, 1.70) | 1.24 (1.00, 1.53) | 1.27 (1.03, 1.57) | 0.06 |
| Rectal + recent adult intake4 | 1.00 | 1.16 (0.94, 1.44) | 1.39 (1.13, 1.72) | 1.25 (1.01, 1.55) | 1.29 (1.04, 1.60) | 0.04 |
| Calcium | ||||||
| Median (mg/1000 kcal) | 262 | 356 | 442 | 582 | 746 | – |
| Colon cancer (no. of cases) | 632 | 546 | 547 | 553 | 516 | – |
| Rectal cancer (no. of cases) | 217 | 197 | 200 | 179 | 186 | – |
| Colon2 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.77, 0.98) | 0.87 (0.77, 0.97) | 0.88 (0.79, 0.99) | 0.85 (0.75, 0.95) | 0.03 |
| Colon + recent adult intake4 | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.79, 1.00) | 0.90 (0.80, 1.01) | 0.93 (0.83, 1.04) | 0.90 (0.80, 1.02) | 0.28 |
| Rectal2 | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.74, 1.10) | 0.92 (0.76, 1.12) | 0.86 (0.71, 1.05) | 0.92 (0.75, 1.12) | 0.37 |
| Rectal + recent adult intake4 | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.75, 1.11) | 0.94 (0.77, 1.15) | 0.88 (0.72, 1.08) | 0.95 (0.78, 1.16) | 0.59 |
| Vitamin A | ||||||
| Median (IU/1000 kcal) | 1556 | 2012 | 2404 | 2897 | 3992 | – |
| Colon cancer (no. of cases) | 606 | 569 | 515 | 578 | 526 | – |
| Rectal cancer (no. of cases) | 174 | 193 | 199 | 211 | 202 | – |
| Colon2 | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.82, 1.03) | 0.82 (0.73, 0.93) | 0.91 (0.81, 1.02) | 0.80 (0.71, 0.90) | <0.01 |
| Colon + recent adult intake4 | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.82, 1.04) | 0.83 (0.74, 0.94) | 0.93 (0.83, 1.04) | 0.82 (0.72, 0.92) | <0.01 |
| Rectal2 | 1.00 | 1.13 (0.92, 1.39) | 1.15 (0.94, 1.41) | 1.23 (1.01, 1.51) | 1.16 (0.95, 1.43) | 0.18 |
| Rectal + recent adult intake4 | 1.00 | 1.13 (0.92, 1.39) | 1.16 (0.94, 1.42) | 1.25 (1.01, 1.53) | 1.19 (0.96, 1.47) | 0.12 |
| Vitamin C | ||||||
| Median (mg/1000 kcal) | 17 | 25 | 36 | 54 | 84 | – |
| Colon cancer (no. of cases) | 616 | 564 | 551 | 531 | 532 | – |
| Rectal cancer (no. of cases) | 193 | 224 | 205 | 197 | 160 | – |
| Colon2 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.82, 1.03) | 0.92 (0.82, 1.03) | 0.93 (0.83, 1.05) | 0.93 (0.83, 1.05) | 0.46 |
| Colon + recent adult intake4 | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.82, 1.04) | 0.94 (0.84, 1.06) | 0.95 (0.85, 1.07) | 0.96 (0.85, 1.08) | 0.85 |
| Rectal2 | 1.00 | 1.17 (0.96, 1.42) | 1.11 (0.91, 1.35) | 1.11 (0.90, 1.35) | 0.93 (0.75, 1.15) | 0.19 |
| Rectal + recent adult intake4 | 1.00 | 1.18 (0.97, 1.43) | 1.11 (0.91, 1.36) | 1.13 (0.92, 1.39) | 0.96 (0.77, 1.19) | 0.34 |
Linear test for trend derived by using the median value of each quintile.
Adjusted for energy at ages 12–13 y, age at completion of risk-factor questionnaire, sex, BMI, race, education, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, use of hormone replacement therapy, and self-report of a first-degree relative with a history of colon cancer.
HR; 95% CI in parentheses (all such values); calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression models.
Adjusted for energy at ages 12–13 y, energy in recent adulthood, nutrient of interest in recent adulthood, age at completion of risk-factor questionnaire, sex, BMI, race, education, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, use of hormone replacement therapy, and self-report of a first-degree relative with a history of colon cancer.