TABLE 4.
Multivariate risks for the association between intake of energy and nutrients 10 y before baseline and colorectal cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study (n = 295,845)1
| Quintile 1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 | P-trend2 | |
| Carbohydrate | ||||||
| Median (g/1000 kcal) | 85 | 98 | 106 | 115 | 129 | – |
| Colon cancer (no. of cases) | 575 | 545 | 543 | 588 | 568 | – |
| Rectal cancer (no. of cases) | 193 | 193 | 206 | 202 | 191 | – |
| Colon3 | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.80, 1.01)4 | 0.86 (0.77, 0.97) | 0.90 (0.80, 1.01) | 0.84 (0.74, 0.94) | <0.01 |
| Colon + recent adult intake5 | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.82, 1.04) | 0.90 (0.80, 1.02) | 0.95 (0.84, 1.07) | 0.89 (0.78, 1.01) | 0.13 |
| Rectal3 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.80, 1.19) | 1.01 (0.83, 1.23) | 0.96 (0.79, 1.18) | 0.90 (0.73, 1.10) | 0.32 |
| Rectal + recent adult intake5 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.81, 1.22) | 1.05 (0.86, 1.29) | 1.03 (0.84, 1.27) | 1.00 (0.81, 1.24) | 0.90 |
| Total fat | ||||||
| Median (g/1000 kcal) | 35 | 41 | 44 | 47 | 52 | – |
| Colon cancer (no. of cases) | 560 | 546 | 542 | 573 | 598 | – |
| Rectal cancer (no. of cases) | 179 | 205 | 215 | 196 | 192 | – |
| Colon3 | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.88, 1.12) | 1.02 (0.90, 1.15) | 1.10 (0.97, 1.24) | 1.20 (1.06, 1.35) | <0.01 |
| Colon + recent adult intake5 | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.88, 1.12) | 1.00 (0.88, 1.13) | 1.06 (0.94, 1.21) | 1.15 (1.01, 1.30) | 0.02 |
| Rectal3 | 1.00 | 1.13 (0.92, 1.38) | 1.21 (0.99, 1.48) | 1.11 (0.90, 1.36) | 1.09 (0.88, 1.34) | 0.47 |
| Rectal + recent adult intake5 | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.88, 1.34) | 1.15 (0.93, 1.41) | 1.03 (0.83, 1.28) | 1.00 (0.81, 1.25) | 0.89 |
| Protein | ||||||
| Median (g/1000 kcal) | 32 | 37 | 41 | 44 | 50 | – |
| Colon cancer (no. of cases) | 585 | 577 | 544 | 573 | 540 | – |
| Rectal cancer (no. of cases) | 192 | 189 | 195 | 197 | 212 | – |
| Colon3 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.89, 1.12) | 0.95 (0.84, 1.07) | 1.01 (0.90, 1.13) | 0.94 (0.83, 1.06) | 0.34 |
| Colon + recent adult intake5 | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.90, 1.14) | 0.97 (0.86, 1.09) | 1.03 (0.92, 1.16) | 0.96 (0.85, 1.09) | 0.61 |
| Rectal3 | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.81, 1.22) | 1.03 (0.84, 1.26) | 1.02 (0.83, 1.25) | 1.08 (0.88, 1.32) | 0.43 |
| Rectal + recent adult intake5 | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.80, 1.21) | 1.02 (0.83, 1.25) | 1.01 (0.82, 1.24) | 1.06 (0.86, 1.30) | 0.56 |
| Fiber | ||||||
| Median (g/1000 kcal) | 5 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 13 | – |
| Colon cancer (no. of cases) | 593 | 562 | 556 | 569 | 539 | – |
| Rectal cancer (no. of cases) | 177 | 198 | 216 | 202 | 192 | – |
| Colon3 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.84, 1.06) | 0.92 (0.82, 1.04) | 0.94 (0.83, 1.05) | 0.90 (0.80, 1.02) | 0.12 |
| Colon + recent adult intake5 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.86, 1.09) | 0.97 (0.86, 1.09) | 0.99 (0.88, 1.12) | 0.97 (0.85, 1.10) | 0.75 |
| Rectal3 | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.91, 1.36) | 1.24 (1.01, 1.51) | 1.17 (0.96, 1.44) | 1.15 (0.93, 1.42) | 0.25 |
| Rectal + recent adult intake5 | 1.00 | 1.13 (0.92, 1.39) | 1.29 (1.05, 1.58) | 1.24 (1.01, 1.54) | 1.26 (1.00, 1.58) | 0.06 |
| Calcium | ||||||
| Median (mg/1000 kcal) | 259 | 325 | 393 | 483 | 610 | – |
| Colon cancer (no. of cases) | 661 | 575 | 578 | 483 | 522 | – |
| Rectal cancer (no. of cases) | 217 | 232 | 177 | 178 | 181 | – |
| Colon3 | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.75, 0.95) | 0.82 (0.73, 0.91) | 0.68 (0.61, 0.77) | 0.73 (0.65, 0.82) | <0.01 |
| Colon + recent adult intake5 | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.79, 0.99) | 0.87 (0.78, 0.98) | 0.75 (0.66, 0.85) | 0.83 (0.73, 0.94) | <0.01 |
| Rectal3 | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.87, 1.26) | 0.79 (0.64, 0.96) | 0.79 (0.65, 0.97) | 0.82 (0.67, 1.00) | <0.01 |
| Rectal + recent adult intake5 | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.88, 1.28) | 0.81 (0.66, 0.99) | 0.83 (0.67, 1.02) | 0.85 (0.69, 1.06) | 0.05 |
| Vitamin A | ||||||
| Median (IU/1000 kcal) | 1714 | 2492 | 3357 | 4683 | 8117 | – |
| Colon cancer (no. of cases) | 639 | 546 | 538 | 575 | 521 | – |
| Rectal cancer (no. of cases) | 203 | 224 | 189 | 172 | 197 | – |
| Colon3 | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.74, 0.93) | 0.82 (0.73, 0.93) | 0.88 (0.79, 0.99) | 0.79 (0.71, 0.92) | <0.01 |
| Colon + recent adult intake5 | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.75, 0.95) | 0.84 (0.75, 0.95) | 0.91 (0.81, 1.03) | 0.81 (0.71, 0.92) | 0.03 |
| Rectal3 | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.91, 1.33) | 0.96 (0.78, 1.17) | 0.87 (0.71, 1.08) | 1.02 (0.83, 1.24) | 0.70 |
| Rectal + recent adult intake5 | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.90, 1.32) | 0.96 (0.78, 1.17) | 0.88 (0.71, 1.09) | 1.05 (0.84, 1.30) | 0.96 |
| Vitamin C | ||||||
| Median (mg/1000 kcal) | 31 | 55 | 81 | 112 | 169 | – |
| Colon cancer (no. of cases) | 654 | 545 | 547 | 550 | 523 | – |
| Rectal cancer (no. of cases) | 214 | 223 | 183 | 186 | 179 | – |
| Colon3 | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.76, 0.95) | 0.84 (0.74, 0.94) | 0.83 (0.74, 0.93) | 0.78 (0.70, 0.88) | <0.01 |
| Colon + recent adult intake5 | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.78, 0.99) | 0.88 (0.78, 1.00) | 0.88 (0.77, 1.00) | 0.83 (0.72, 0.95) | 0.02 |
| Rectal3 | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.89, 1.30) | 0.99 (0.75, 1.11) | 0.91 (0.75, 1.11) | 0.90 (0.74, 1.11) | 0.13 |
| Rectal + recent adult intake5 | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.90, 1.33) | 0.92 (0.75, 1.14) | 0.95 (0.77, 1.18) | 0.96 (0.77, 1.21) | 0.48 |
A greater number of participants completed the food-frequency questionnaire about diet 10 y previously than about diet during ages 12–13 y. Thus, the n values for Tables 4 and 5 are greater than those for Tables 2 and 3.
Linear test for trend derived by using the median value of each quintile.
Adjusted for energy at ages 12–13 y, age at completion of risk-factor questionnaire, sex, BMI, race, education, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, use of hormone replacement therapy, and self-report of a first-degree relative with a history of colon cancer.
HR; 95% CI in parentheses (all such values); calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression models.
Adjusted for energy at ages 12–13 y, energy in recent adulthood, nutrient of interest in recent adulthood, age at completion of risk-factor questionnaire, sex, BMI, race, education, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, use of hormone replacement therapy, and self-report of a first-degree relative with a history of colon cancer.