Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2011 Nov 17;74(1):92–100. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.10.009

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Undesirable effects of empirically supported ADHD interventions and of counseling

Legend of axial codes as described by adolescents, parent, teachers, and health providers:

Selective code of perceived ineffectiveness of treatment- Axial codes: 1= Ineffective treatment, Axial code 2= Ineffective treatment until combined with other treatments

Selective code of burden of treatment- Axial codes: 3= Cost, 4= Disruption of daily activities, 5=Forgetting to take medicine, 6= Dosing concerns, 7= Medication wears off prematurely, 8= Supervision needed to follow the treatment regimen, 9= Treatment requires consistency

Selective code of psychological side-effects- Axial codes: 10= Sadness, depression, 11= Irritability, 12= Increased conflict, 13= Low self-esteem

Selective code of dependence-Axial codes: 14= Medicine addiction, 15= Treatment dependence, 16= Reward dependence

*Counseling is not categorized as an empirically supported ADHD treatment (Pelham & Fabiano, 2008) Note: A thick line indicates more than 20 participant responses