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. 2012 Jan 6;7(1):e29457. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029457

Figure 3. PV mRNA expression in vocal motor pathway nuclei in avian species.

Figure 3

(A1–5) Darkfield images of PV expression in the arcopallium (delineated by dashed white lines) of three vocal learners and two non-learners. The arcopallium song nuclei are highlighted (RA, AAc, and VA) as well as the iA region lateral or medial used to compare with in the microarray and in-situ hybridization experiments. The nidopallium song motor nucleus (HVC, NLC, and VLN) of each species is also highlighted. (B1–10) Brightfield images of the arcopallium song nucleus for vocal learners and central intermediate arcopallium (ciA) in non-learners (odd numbers), and the arcopallium area adjacent to the song nucleus or ciA (even numbers). (C1–5) Darkfield images of PV expression in nXIIts and SSp for each species. (D1–10) Brightfield images of SSp (odd numbers) and nXllts (even numbers) for each species. Scale bar in D10 = 30 µm (applies to all brightfield images).