Table 10.
Potential biomarkers of PSK
| Subjects | Potential biomarker | References |
|---|---|---|
| Human colon cancer cell line (in vitro) | Expression of ECA39 protein in tumor cells | Yoshikawa [111] |
| Colon cancer patients | Diffuse nuclear accumulation of β-catenin activation in primary tumor | Yamashita [112] |
| Colon cancer patients |
Preoperative peripheral blood CEA level: ≥3.0 ng/ml Preoperative PPD skin reaction level: <19.0 nm |
Takahashi [113] |
| Colorectal cancer patients | Increase of NK cell population in peripheral blood after PSK administration | Ohwada [114] |
| Colorectal cancer patients | Ratio of CD4+ IL-10+ T-cell percentage in peripheral blood before and after PSK treatment: <0.8 | Yoshino [46] |
| Gastric or colorectal cancer patients | In vitro activation level of peripheral blood lymphocytes by PSK | Yoshinaga [116] |
CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, PPD purified protein derivative of tuberculin, NK natural killer