Table 4.
Predictors of Sleep Disturbances
| Coefficients (95% CI) | |
|---|---|
| Injury severity | |
| OI | Ref |
| Mild I/II TBI | −6.3 (−9.2,−3.4)* |
| Mild III TBI | −3.6 (−7.9,0.6) |
| Moderate/severe TBI | −4.1 (−8.4,0.1) |
| Time since injury | |
| Baseline | Ref |
| 3 months | −3.9 (−5.7,−2.0)* |
| 12 months | −4.0 (−5.9,−2.1)* |
| 24 months | −2.9 (−4.8,−1.1)* |
| Gender | |
| Male | Ref |
| Female | −5.6 (−8.1,−3.1)* |
| Race | |
| White | Ref |
| Asian | 2.7 (−5.0,10.4) |
| Black | 11.6 (5.3,17.9)* |
| Hispanic | 3.5 (−0.6,7.6) |
| Other | −2.3 (−5.3,0.8) |
| Pain frequency | |
| Never | Ref |
| Almost never | −5.6 (−7.8,−3.5)* |
| Sometimes | −10.9 (−12.9,−8.9)* |
| Often | −14.4 (−18.1,−10.8)* |
| Almost always | −24.7 (−30.5,−18.9)* |
| Positive PSC-17 score | −14.5 (−16.9,−12.0)* |
*
p<0.05
TBI, traumatic brain injury; OI, orthopedic injury; PSC-17, Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17; CI, confidence interval; Ref, reference group.